ورقة عن نموذج الحكم الفدرالي في السودان

Cover letter:
Sudan Federalism
The National Project

At the outset of building a strong institutional state based on the concepts of freedom, peace, justice and good governance, in which at the top of its objectives is the protection of the Sudanese component unity, and the assurance of revolutionary demands towards development, peace and stability.
We hence feel the importance of striving to address the historical crisis that we have endured and continue to endure due to the continues struggle over power, wealth, and the just management of diversity.
It is without a doubt that the consensus on a rational system of government that distributes power and wealth justly among the people represents the comprehensive national project that can democratically shift us from the narrow inherited colonial concepts to the broad concepts of national democracy. A federal system that guarantees the right of popular participation and protects the unity of our national unity, and spares the scourge of political and tribal conflict, war, fragmentation of the country, and provide a safe incubator for the values and goals of the glorious December revolution through a democratic system of governance that preserves the rights of minorities and guarantees the right of participation in decision-making and in choosing rulers and parliamentarians.

We are fully confident that the glorious December popular revolution erupted due to the accumulation of injustice and tyranny, in addition to the rampant administrative corruption, and the political and economic empowerment of one party, the centralized system of government based on dependency and appointment rather than the equitable horizontal distribution of power and wealth to allow the peoples of the region to choose their rulers and establish policies to manage their natural wealth.

Based on what was mentioned and the priorities of our glorious revolution goals which are inevitably the manufacture ultimate change trough just national solutions in establishing a sustainable political structure and smooth democratic transformation that addresses the threat of national fragmentation and conflict over power and wealth, and strengthens our societal ties and social fabric in order to preserve our national unity in a favorable climate that promotes fair popular participation In establishing a social contract in a strong national constitution that guarantees rights, protects democracy, reform political parties and practice.

We present a special model of a federal system built and developed form other successful federal and confederal international models, with some major adjustments to ensure equal transformation and horizontal distribution of power, along with the protection of power from one-party domination through the redistribution of powers of the federal government and the reallocations of the presidency so that the elected party does not have the overall control the federal legislature.

While democracy constitutes legislation and laws that express the desire, participation and consent of citizens, while the final decision and executive authority is entrusted to the institutions of the state that all people participate in establishing and choosing their leaders legitimately through fair elections. Therefore, sovereignty remains for the people. The competition between different options is one of the indispensable elements of a healthy democracy, and winning a race and coming to power in a federal system does not make the will of the majority absolute. One of the most important features in the contemporary democratic federal system is that the majority respect the rights and freedoms of the minority, and not infringe upon them, ensuring the minority’s opinions and right to object is constitutionally reinforcing pluralism. in the democratic system.

We realize the importance of the well founded democratic transition as reaching the democratic level in all its aspects through women and minority representation, and comprehensive popular participation in political decision-making. We also believe that respecting the choices and opinions of citizens is a prerequisite in contemporary democracies.

We consider that our real crisis lies in the centralized system of government that leads to conflicts and tribal divisions, and the failure to manage pluralism and protect our rights and wealth. Hence, we believe that a democratic federal system is the most appropriate system for managing diversity, protecting rights, ensuring freedoms, and addressing political laxity and hierarchical concentration within political parties. And that is by reviving the dynamic of liberal democracy and activating the principle of popular participation through presidential, state and local districts, which is the highest expression of citizenship.

Political practice in the federal system of government means free democratic competition through the ballot boxes to reach all levels of federal and state authority, and the horizontal power sharing among all regions of Sudan. Where the mass bases in the regions are responsible for the formation of their legislative oversight councils that make decisions and laws at the federal and regional levels.
The federal system of government in managing the region is the real guarantor of peace, security and stability, and the actual mechanism for the region’s acquisition of all its wealth and natural resources, hence employ them in development, raising the standard of living, education and health services, and increasing of productivity and investments for the benefit of the region.

The concept of governance in federalism differs from the concept of centralized (hierarchical) governance, which in practice contradicts the principle of democracy and equality no matter how participatory and democratic it may seem, for It is a one-party system or a majority system against the minority, while federalism supports minorities and guarantees the right to participate in political decision-making
and state administration through state and local elections.

As for the centralized government, it monopolizes all authorities and dominates the political decision from the top of the pyramid by appointing governors and executive regional administrators to manage national resources and wealth in accordance with the vision and special partisan interest based on dependency and nepotism, and with the same approach and concept of civil administration drawn by the colonizer to manage the colonies, which encourages injustice, corruption, empowerment and fuels tribal conflict, while federalism transfers power from the center to the region in order to consolidate the principle of people’s sovereignty and to preserve the values ​​of democracy and national unity and the principle of peaceful coexistence based on the concept of the common national interest, which enables the people of each region to choose who governs them and ensures the achievement of their interests, solve their issues and safeguard their rights Thus, the development of the region and, through it, the development of the country.