The Locally Brewed Alcohol (Araki) and Police corruption in Sudan

04:20 PM Oct, 26 2015
Sudanese Online
Sudan Democracy First Group-
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26th October 2015

Due to the Islamic-oriented laws adopted by the Sudan in 1983, the Sudanese Criminal Act 1991 provides for articles that prohibit production, possession and consumption of alcohol. The punishment provided for in this act includes imprisonment for a period not exceeding one year as well as a fine to be decided by the judge on those involved in bootlegging, whether buying, selling, production, storing or possessing it.

As a law enforcement agency, the Sudanese police force is in charge of combating production, trade and consumption of locally made alcohol. The Sudanese police forces launch regular raids on places known for bootlegging. These places are usually on the fringes of large Sudanese cities inhabited by poor people who were internally displaced from their original rural areas because of armed conflicts. Women in these areas make and sell locally made alcohol, as it is a popular and profitable trade that does not need a lot of money to invest in, but those who are caught because of involvement in bootlegging face legal risks.

Sudanese courts of law usually issue punishments upon convictions of bootlegging, which are often a two-month imprisonment in addition to a fine amounting between 1500 and 10000 SDG ($150 and $1000). In case of failure to pay the fine, there is a 4-6 months imprisonment depending on the amount of the fine. This harsh punishment failed to deter bootlegging and lead, instead, to a corrupting situation caused by deviation from established legal procedures related to the police raids to control bootlegging.
This corruption situation, which is widespread in most parts of the Sudan, involves policemen in the anti-bootlegging raids haggling with women who were caught making or selling locally made alcohol, over an amount to be paid in order to release them instead of pressing charges and carrying on with the legal process, which might end in sending them to prison in addition to paying a hefty fine. These women eventually succumb to this blackmailing instead of appearing in courts, paying a hefty fines or imprisonment. .

To investigate this corrupting situation, we conducted a questionnaire among a number of women involved in bootlegging in two different neighborhoods in a capital city of a Sudanese state. The first area is known for the production of locally made alcohol and the second for selling it. The questionnaire was conducted among 10 women, five women from each area. The questionnaire included the following six questions:
Have you been through this type of blackmailing previously؟ If the answer is yes, how many times؟
As far as you know from the women who live in the area, how often does this blackmailing take place in the area in a week؟
How many anti-bootlegging raids does the police conduct every day in the area؟ Which police stations carry out these raids؟ At what time are they carried out؟
Are there anti-bootlegging raids carried out by the policemen without the knowledge or presence of their superiors؟ If the answer is yes, how did you know this؟ What time these raids are usually carried out؟
How much do you usually pay to the policemen in order to be released؟
How does this settlement usually happen؟ Is the police officer leading the raid aware of such settlement؟
The results of the questionnaire were as follows:
For the first question: 8 respondents answered with ‘yes’ conforming that they were blackmailed by policemen, while 6 of the respondents said they were blackmailed more than once. Two respondents said they have not been blackmailed.
For the second question: 7 respondents said the blackmailing takes place 4 times a week, while two said it takes place 3 times a week, meanwhile one of the respondents said it takes place twice a week.
For the third question: all respondents said that the anti-bootlegging raids take no specific pattern, and therefore it was not possible to know the number of raids per day. However, they said there are often two raids per day in general. A morning raid, targeting their houses where locally made alcohol is produced and an evening raid targeting the place where it is sold. They also said that the raids are sometimes more than two a day, and sometimes, according to the respondents, the raids stop completely particularly during security unrests, demonstrations and elections. According to the respondents, the raids are usually carried out by the police station where the targeted area is located as well as by the community police. . Some police stations carry out raids on areas outside their jurisdiction. .
For the fourth question: the respondents unanimously reported unofficial raids by some policemen from different police stations without their superiors being aware of them. They knew this from some policemen who told them that such raids were carried out without the knowledge of their officers. According to the respondents, these unofficial raids usually take place after mid-night by policemen who were either not on patrols or on rickshaws, i.e. not on police vehicles.
For the fifth question: 8 of the respondents said there is no specific amount of money agreed to in these settlements, it all depends on the quantity of alcohol seized, the mood of the policemen carrying out the raids and the bargaining ability of the bootleggers. However according to the respondents, the minimum amount to be paid, was 500 SDG ($50) and the highest amount paid was 1000 ($100) SDG.
For the sixth question: 8 of the respondents said that the settlement is usually finalized by the policemen and the non-commissioned officers while senior officers are unaware of it. However, in some cases the settlement is completed with the knowledge and the presence of some officers (non-commissioned officers). Moreover, such settlements are only completed when the raiding policemen allow the bootleggers to keep their merchandize. It is noteworthy that the raiding police force usually hide their vehicle(s) either in a backstreet or away from the raided place, while carrying out their searches on foot. If no agreement is reached, then the vehicle(s), which carry senior officers, are called to ferry the suspects and the merchandize to the police station. If a settlement is reached, the raiding policemen contact the senior officer to report nonexistence of bootlegging in the place. . As for the cases when raids are carried out by individual policemen without their superior officer(s) knowledge, the settlement is usually carried out openly and quietly. The amounts paid are often higher compared with the settlement reached before an official raid is launched. .
In order to verify these corrupting situations and corroborate the survey results, we presented these results to five retired policemen, who used to participate in similar anti-bootlegging raids in the same locality. They confirmed the existence of such corrupting situations involving various police stations in the state. They confirmed that our findings were accurate. They also added that the policemen who carry out these settlements tend to cover them by pressing charges and take legal procedure on a few bootlegging cases.

These illicit practices eventually lead to many social, psychological and legal consequences, as this arbitrary treatment worsened the suffering and poverty of these bootlegger women, whose miserable livelihood and absence of decent opportunities to earn living, have forced them into this risky trade.
Moreover, such practice stirs racial prejudices and damages the Sudanese social fabric, as the women who are involved in bootlegging come from particular areas and ethnic groups, and were forced by miserable circumstances into bootlegging. The practices of legal arbitrariness and blackmailing, nurture feelings of injustice and racial prejudice. The continuation of such practices would also undermine the police force’s credibility as a law enforcement agency who enjoy the respect and trust of the society.

To deal with these issues and avoid the negative consequences caused by these practices, the authorities have to address the root causes of bootlegging. The legal remedies and penalties provided for in the Sudanese Criminal Act 1991, have failed in practice during the last 32 years in providing an acceptable solution to bootlegging. As a matter of fact, bootlegging practices have flourished during the last 32 years. Since the harsh implementation of relevant provisions of the Sudanese Criminal Act of 1991, instead eradicating this social, economic and cultural phenomenon, it has led to corrupt legal procedures.

It is now evident that the root cause is a socio-economic rather than a legal one. Therefore, the state has to conduct social, economic and cultural studies among the women who work in this trade and provide them with the necessary assistance. The state should also allow local and foreign organizations to work among the poor who dwell the fringes of the Sudanese cities in order to provide them with services and assistance to stem poverty and alternative means for a decent livelihood.
As for the Sudanese police force, it should provide the necessary attention to the anti-bootlegging raids by developing strict administrative control to ensure integrity. Failure to pay the necessary attention to this issue resulted in the appropriate controls becoming loose, which consequently, facilitated corruption by policemen, which in turn undermined the police force respect and credibility.




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• Kuwait hands out payments to Sudanese orphans
• Military staff beats pregnant woman in Tabit, North Darfur
• Kidnapping of (89) boys older than 12 in South Sudan: UNICEF
• Darfur rebels kill soldiers in central Jebel Marra
• Darfur authority stresses that improvement of U.S-Sudanese relations will bring peace
• Central Darfur's displaced without shelter after fire
• Sudan’s president addresses the Speakers of Parliaments of IGAD
• The fighting in Darfur displaced more than 41,000 since late December: UN
• Two Russia abducted in Darfur’s Sudan are alive: Moscow
• Tribal reconciliation talks begin in Sudan
• Sudan’s president calls on Russian and American investors to invest in the country
• Dozens injured as Sudanese students clash
• Brig. Gen. John Mabieh vowed to take Malakal town by 9th March this year
• Arab Journalists Union decries Sudanese crackdown on newspapers
• FAO teams up with the Ministry of Livestock, Fisheries and Rangelands and provides about USD 1 mill
• Independent Civil Society in Sudan stage a one-day sit in and suspension of work
• South Sudan Warns Media Not to Publish Rebel Interviews
• Sudanese press massacred in Khartoum
• Sudan’s journalists protest against confiscation of (14) papers
• Sudan denounces beheading of 21 Egyptians by Islamic State in Libya
• Northern Sudan farmlands sold to Syrian investor
• Sudanese journalist disappears under mysterious circumstances
• Sudan’s Women Union, Darfur Centre welcome HRW report
• Sudan meets an international team to discuss an exit strategy of UNAMID
• Political delegation in Tabit scares residents
• IGAD's Inter-Parliamentary Union convenes its meeting in Khartoum
• 38,600 displaced in Darfur in a month: OCHA
• Sudan security detains man at North Darfur market
• Leave! campaign to be intensified: Umma Party official
• Launch of Sudanese electronic gateway project
• Beja Congress to Sudan’s ruling party: ‘Our patience has run out’
• 3 million dollar support from Finland for the needy in Sudan
• Activists oppose Sudanese govt. officials visit to USA
• US, UK and Norway calls South Sudanese factions to reach a final peace agreement
• Karti visit to Washington has nothing to do with Merriam Ibrahim issue: Sudan says
• Students clash in Omdurman, several seriously wounded
• US Secretary of State is pressing for a UN vote creating an arms embargo on South Sudan
• Gunmen steal cash from stores in South Darfur capital
• Firewood collectors assaulted in Kabkabiya, North Darfur
• Boy burns to death in attack on villages in North Darfur
• Thirst in North Darfur’s Shangil Tobaya camps
• MP demands rule of law restored in North Darfur
• Sudanese Journalists Union rejects confiscation of the newspapers
• Sudan’s Ministry of Culture orders the closure of the Sudanese Writer’s Union
• Red Sea state, eastern Sudan, imposes tourism support fees
• Sudan’s government warns those who seek to disrupt the elections
• Sudan: Detention of Abu Eisa, Madani extended for two weeks
• AU mediation puts forward a new approach to negotiations in Sudanese conflict
• Sudanese opposition starts Leave! campaign
• Press Release from Sudanese Writers Union (SWU)
• Liberation and Justice Movement -LJM apology to people of Darfur
• 400 JEM faction combatants to merge with Sudan army
• EU expresses its concern at the difficulties facing Sudan’s national dialogue
• More bombs fall on Golo, Central Darfur
• Sudanese court renews detention of opposition leader
• Sudanese El Midan gagged for 10th time
• 10th anniversary of The Massacre marked in Port Sudan
• USAID, BRAC Launch Project to Reach Out-of-School Children in South Sudan
• Africa Union Peace and Security Council stands in the way of Justice in South Sudan
• Former Sudan Lost Boy Becomes Chess Master in NYC
• Police shoots two bus passengers in eastern Sudan
• Re: Sudanese-Chinese talks convened today in Khartoum
• West Darfur girls’ team wins national basketball cup
• Ministry has spent donor money: angry MPs in eastern Sudan
• Integration of more than (5,000) soldiers in eastern Sudan
• Darfur JEM refuses to participate in South Kordofan military operations
• Sudan’s Assistant of President attributes the Two Areas crisis to the negatives accompanied the las
• Appearance of unknown fever accompanied by bleeding in a number of Sudan’s states: Health Ministry
• ​ The SPLM-N Statement at the Opening Session of the Addis Ababa Negotiation on November 12, 2014
• Beja Congress Condemns Rape of Women in Darfur
• Eastern Sudan leader warns for Darfur scenario in the region
• Sudan Eastern Front to dismiss leaders: spokesman
• Developments in South Sudan Conflict: Small Arms and Light Weapons in South Sudan and Sudan: Is tha
• Water crisis in Sudan’s Red Sea state, new hemorrhagic fever cases
• Sudan acknowledges significant increase in human trafficking
• Presentation by the Independent Expert on the Situation of Human Rights in Sudan
• US discusses resettlement of Eritrean and Ethiopian refugees in eastern Sudan
• Eastern Sudan ex-combatants ‘lose confidence’ in leaders
• Torrents, floods destroy homes, isolate villages in Darfur, eastern Sudan
• Humanitarian disaster in Red Sea State: eastern Sudan MP
• Canada contributes 5 million dollars to support fighting hunger in Sudan
• Deputy in Parliament: landmines kill 80 persons in eastern Sudan
• Leaders in Beja congress request ouster of Presidential assistant
• Democratic Unionist group to cooperate with Sudan Revolutionary Front
• ‘No room for Sudan Revolutionary Front in peace talks’: Ghandour
• Million signatures campaign to remove governor, protests in eastern Sudan
• Sudan’s 2015 elections: an ominous deja vu؟
• Sudan man’s search for better life dies in desert
• Protesting student in Port Sudan imprisoned
• 9 Sudanese migrants die, 300 rescued in Libya desert
• Comprehensive solution requires rebuilding of Sudan: United People's Front
• Rebel SRF road map towards National Dialogue Sudan
• 'UN missions fail to grasp Darfur, Sudan conflict': human rights activist
• Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood leader visits Khartoum
• Eastern Sudan Alliance warns against influx of refugees
• Khartoum suspends U.N. refugee aid program in east Sudan
• Sudan Human Rights and Humanitarian Bulletin for February 2014
• Unknown planes launch strikes on convoy of arms smugglers in eastern Sudan
• Sudan’s Humanitarian Aid Commission suspends the International Committee of the Red Cross’ operatio
• Thousands of South Sudanese head home from Sudan
• More than half a million people affected by flooding in Sudan

Arabic Forum