عاااجل .. الكونغرس الأمريكي يجهز وثيقة الإعتراف بدولة الجنوب الجديدة .. و يضع العدالة بدارفور

ء

DAV10784 S.L.C.
1 (11) In Darfur, despite peace agreements be2
tween the government and certain armed groups, in3
cluding the Darfur Peace Agreement (DPA) of 2006
4 and other ceasefire and preliminary framework
5 agreements, instability and violence, including direct
6 conflict between and among armed groups and the
7 government and militias, continues with ongoing ci8
vilian casualties and displacement, and the griev9
ances that sparked the Darfuri rebellion as well as
10 the consequences of the genocidal violence carried
11 out and supported by the government remain
12 unaddressed. As stated in the Report of the African
13 Union High-Level Panel on Darfur (AUPD), ‘‘En14
suring stability in Darfur requires a political proc15
ess, in which due attention is paid to the inter-con16
nected pillars of peace, justice, and reconciliation.’’
17 (12) In response to the crisis in Darfur, the
18 international community, led by contributions from
19 the United States, has undertaken a massive hu20
manitarian operation to provide food, water, sanita21
tion, medical support, and other assistance to the
22 millions of Darfuris displaced or otherwise affected
23 by the violence, an effort that was jeopardized by the
24 Government of Sudan’s expulsion of 13 international
25 nongovernmental organizations in March 2009.
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DAV10784 S.L.C.
1 (13) Criminal activity, widespread violence di2
rected against civilians, peacekeepers, and aid work3
ers in Darfur, and an environment of impunity con4
tribute to ongoing instability and jeopardize humani5
tarian assistance, individual and community safety
6 and well being, and opportunities for development.
7 (14) The United States Government provides
8 substantial capacity-building and other assistance to
9 Southern Sudan, but the humanitarian, develop10
mental, and governance challenges remain enormous
11 and have direct implications for the stability of the
12 larger region.
13 (15) Abyei, the subject of the Protocol between
14 the Government of the Sudan and the Sudan Peo15
ple’s Liberation Movement/Army on the Resolution
16 of the Abyei Conflict, and the scene of major vio17
lence in 2008, remains a potential flashpoint and
18 unresolved element between the parties. Serious
19 challenges in the critical north-south border areas of
20 Abyei, Blue Nile, and Southern Kordofan, parts of
21 which are highly militarized, persist, and inter-ethnic
22 tensions, growing dissatisfaction with the slow imple23
mentation of the CPA, and the perceived lack of
24 peace dividends contribute to a volatile situation.
7
DAV10784 S.L.C.
1 (16) Ethnic and communal violence in Southern
2 Sudan has escalated in scope and intensity, resulting
3 in increasing loss of life and displacement and fur4
ther threatening stability in the region.
5 (17) On February 2, 2010, testifying before the
6 Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate, Den7
nis C. Blair, Director of National Intelligence, stated
8 that a number of countries in Asia and Africa are
9 at significant risk of a new outbreak of mass killing
10 over the next 5 years, but identified Southern Sudan
11 as the area in which ‘‘a new mass killing or genocide
12 is most likely to occur.’’.
13 (18) In April 2010, Sudan held national elec14
tions but the SPLM and other opposition parties
15 withdrew from most contests in Northern Sudan,
16 citing intimidation, voter fraud, insecurity in Darfur,
17 and other factors. The United States Government
18 characterized the elections as not meeting inter19
national standards and marked by circumscribed po20
litical rights and freedoms, reports of intimidation
21 and threats of violence in Southern Sudan, insecu22
rity and ongoing conflict in Darfur, and technical
23 problems, resulting in serious irregularities.
24 SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS.
25 In this Act:
8
DAV10784 S.L.C.
1 (1) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT2
TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com3
mittees’’ means the Committee on Foreign Relations
4 of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs
5 of the House of Representatives.
6 (2) GOVERNMENT OF SOUTHERN SUDAN.—The
7 term ‘‘Government of Southern Sudan’’ includes the
8 regional Government of Southern Sudan based in
9 Juba as constituted as of the date of the enactment
10 of this Act and any successor government that—
11 (A) retains autonomy within Sudan or
12 achieves independence as a result of the ref13
erendum called for under the Comprehensive
14 Peace Agreement; or
15 (B) is recognized as an independent nation
16 by the United States Government.
17 (3) MARGINALIZED POPULATIONS OF SUDAN.—
18 The term ‘‘marginalized populations of Sudan’’
19 means—
20 (A) adversely affected groups in regions
21 authorized to receive assistance under section
22 8(c) of the Darfur Peace and Accountability
23 Act (Public Law 109–344; 50 U.S.C. 1701
24 note); and
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DAV10784 S.L.C.
1 (B) marginalized areas in Northern Sudan
2 described in section 4(9) of such Act.
3 SEC. 4. SENSE OF CONGRESS.
4 It is the sense of Congress that—
5 (1) as affirmed in President Barack Obama’s
6 strategy document, ‘‘Sudan: A Critical Moment, A
7 Comprehensive Approach,’’ of October 19, 2009,
8 ‘‘The United States cannot succeed in achieving our
9 policy goals by focusing exclusively on Darfur or
10 CPA implementation—both must be addressed seri11
ously and simultaneously, while also working to re12
solve and prevent conflict throughout Sudan.’’;
13 (2) the situation in Sudan, particularly in the
14 potentially volatile year ahead, demands strength15
ened diplomatic, humanitarian, and developmental
16 efforts by the United States Government and other
17 bilateral and multilateral partners in order to see
18 the CPA through to a peaceful referenda process
19 and outcome, to increase the governance and institu20
tional capacities in Southern Sudan to better meet
21 the needs of the people whether as an independent
22 state or semi-autonomous region, and to help to fos23
ter peace and stability in Darfur;
24 (3) other governments and actors in the region
25 influence the security situation in Sudan and are in
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DAV10784 S.L.C.
1 turn affected by it, thus elevating the importance for
2 the United States Government of working with part3
ners in the region and heightening the responsibility
4 and interest of Sudan’s neighbors and others in con5
tributing to the process to enhance peace and sta6
bility throughout the region;
7 (4) the peace process in Darfur requires the on8
site participation of the organized parties to the con9
flict who are willing to make a constructive commit10
ment to the peace process, the Government of
11 Sudan, and elements of civil society, including
12 women, in negotiations in order to achieve a lasting
13 settlement;
14 (5) United States support for the Darfur peace
15 process would be enhanced by the appointment of a
16 full-time senior official to assist in those efforts;
17 (6) the ongoing rapprochement between the
18 Governments of Chad and Sudan offers an impor19
tant opportunity for larger regional stability and
20 peace;
21 (7) countries with significant economic invest22
ments in Sudan, including the People’s Republic of
23 China, have a vested interest in peace and stability
24 in Sudan and a role and responsibility to work to25
ward that goal;
ء