البتراء من جديد؟ السرديَّتان الإسلامية والبيزنطية لل"فتوحات"

Quote: The two earliest Islamic Arabic graffiti, dated 23 and 24 according to the Islamic era, corre- sponding to 643 and 644 CE, respectively, are interesting in their beginnings and endings. The first, written by someone named Salama, near Yanbuʿ in the Arabian Peninsula, reads:kataba salama ṯalāṯ wa ʿishrīnSalama wrote (this) in twenty-three.64It is very laconic and consists basically only of what later would be considered an ending formula, indicated by kataba, “he wrote,” and a year. There is nothing Islamic in it. What is even more interesting is that it does not even mention the word sanat, “in the year,” before giving the figure twenty-three; sanat is only implied.The other one, found near al-Ḥijr and written by one Zuhayr, client (mawlā) of Bint Shayba as another graffito by him tells us, is as follows:bi-sm allāh65 anā zuhayr katabtu zaman tuwuffiya ʿumar sanat arbaʿ wa ʿishrīn In the name of Allāh. I am Zuhayr. I wrote (this) at the time when ʿUmar died, in the year twenty-four.66This graffito is of immense historical interest, since it seems to mention the death of the second caliph ʿUmar

(عدل بواسطة محمد عبد القيوم سعد on 02-02-2018, 10:58 AM)