عاااجل .. الكونغرس الأمريكي يجهز وثيقة الإعتراف بدولة الجنوب الجديدة .. و يضع العدالة بدارفور

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DAV10784 S.L.C.
1 (8) to prepare for potential outcomes before
2 and after the scheduled referenda on secession, the
3 United States Government should continue to en4
gage with local and international partners in contin5
gency planning, especially to consider ways to help
6 prevent or respond to possible large-scale violence,
7 dislocation, or other humanitarian emergencies;
8 (9) it is critical that the parties to the CPA, as9
sisted by mediators and other witnesses to the agree10
ment, which included the representatives of Kenya,
11 Uganda, Egypt, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, the
12 United Kingdom, the African Union, the European
13 Union, the Intergovernmental Authority on Develop14
ment (IGAD), the League of Arab States, the
15 United Nations, and the United States, address un16
resolved issues and finalize preparations for the Jan17
uary 2011 referenda, reach basic agreements on key
18 issues, and establish a framework for post-referenda
19 negotiations;
20 (10) while the United States Government is a
21 major contributor to humanitarian and develop22
mental work in Sudan, increased assistance from
23 multilateral, regional, and other bilateral sources will
24 be critical to sustaining peace and promoting hu25
manitarian relief, economic development, and recov12
DAV10784 S.L.C.
1 ery, and it is important that the international com2
munity resolve difficulties in the delivery of assist3
ance through multilateral vehicles make a sufficient
4 commitment of food assistance and provide over5
sight;
6 (11) resource management, transparency, ac7
countability, and service delivery are critical compo8
nents of effective governance, and the Government
9 of Southern Sudan and state and local authorities in
10 Southern Sudan, as they continue to receive outside
11 assistance, should demonstrate a commitment to im12
provements in these sectors;
13 (12) in the event that the Government of
14 Southern Sudan achieves independence and is recog15
nized by the United States Government, and in the
16 months leading up to such a potential development,
17 it is important for the Secretary of State and the
18 Secretary of the Treasury to examine the statutory
19 and other sanctions currently applicable to Sudan, to
20 determine how the sanctions regime would be af21
fected by the independence of Southern Sudan, and
22 to consult with Congress on changes that may be
23 needed under such circumstances;
24 (13) in order to increase the diplomatic capacity
25 of the United States Government, facilitate humani13
DAV10784 S.L.C.
1 tarian and developmental assistance and oversight of
2 aid, and support efforts of the Government of South3
ern Sudan to improve governance and enhance secu4
rity, the United States Government should maintain
5 the position of a special envoy, appoint a senior offi6
cial to assist with the Darfur peace process, and ac7
celerate plans for construction on additional or ex8
panded facilities and other housing for personnel to
9 support an enhanced United States diplomatic and
10 development presence and to allow for expanded de11
ployment of personnel;
12 (14) the United States Government—
13 (A) recognizes the importance of the
14 UNMIS and UNAMID missions and anticipates
15 the continued need for their presence in the
16 coming years;
17 (B) emphasizes the importance of proactive
18 diplomacy and contingency planning by the
19 international community for Darfur, Southern
20 Sudan, the ‘‘Three Areas’’ of Southern
21 Kordofan, Blue Nile State, and Abyei, and
22 other vulnerable populations, including those in
23 Eastern Sudan, and recognizes the importance
24 of the full implementation of the Abyei Protocol
14
DAV10784 S.L.C.
1 and that resolution of Abyei’s status is a crit2
ical element of a sustained peace;
3 (C) notes that UNAMID continues to lack
4 critical enablers, including utility helicopters,
5 and that the absence of such enablers undercuts
6 the ability of the mission to carry out its civil7
ian protection mandate, and notes with concern
8 that UNMIS is facing diminishing aviation re9
sources at a moment when mobility is critical;
10 (D) notes that the mission and potentially
11 the personnel of UNMIS should continue to
12 evolve after the completion of the terms of the
13 CPA in order to maintain its civilian protection
14 function while strengthening its institution15
building abilities; and
16 (E) urges each to pursue its mandate of ci17
vilian protection assertively;
18 (15) key benchmarks to measure progress with
19 respect to the relationship between the United
20 States and Sudan include humanitarian and peace21
keeper access to and within Darfur, committed en22
gagement to resolve the conflict there and uphold
23 justice and accountability, demarcation of borders,
24 adherence to the Comprehensive Peace Agreement,
25 including holding the referenda for Southern Sudan
15
DAV10784 S.L.C.
1 and Abyei as provided for in such agreement within
2 the time provided, and a framework agreement for
3 the resolution of post-referenda issues;
4 (16) in the event of the obstruction of efforts
5 to achieve these benchmarks, additional responses to
6 such obstruction include expanded travel restrictions
7 against individuals responsible for such actions,
8 blocking the assets of such individuals and, as prac9
tical, transactions with the financial institutions that
10 support them, opposition to international debt relief
11 measures, engagement to promote multilateral sanc12
tions, and stricter enforcement of multilateral arms
13 embargoes;
14 (17) in the event of the achievement of these
15 benchmarks, phased and graduated responses in16
clude steps to permit certain forms of trade and in17
vestment in Sudan in specific sectors (other than the
18 petroleum sector), the exchange of ambassadors, and
19 a review of foreign assistance restrictions, economic
20 sanctions, and other statutory provisions; and
21 (18) the full normalization of relations between
22 the United States and Sudan, including support for
23 international debt relief, requires the peaceful imple24
mentation of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement, a
25 comprehensive peace agreement in Darfur that is
16
DAV10784 S.L.C.
1 credibly implemented, sustained improvement in se2
curity and services that improve living conditions in
3 Darfur, including humanitarian access, full coopera4
tion with UNAMID and UNMIS, a cessation of all
5 support for international terrorism, and credible and
6 locally supported efforts to achieve accountability,
7 justice, and reconciliation, as consistent with existing
8 United States law and the terms of relevant United
9 Nations Security Council resolutions.
10 SEC. 5. STATEMENT OF POLICY.
11 It is the policy of the United States—
12 (1) to support efforts to help create a more
13 democratic, accountable, and inclusive government in
14 Sudan that respects human rights, protects civil lib15
erties, and contributes to peace and stability in the
16 region;
17 (2) to promote and work toward a definitive
18 end to conflict, gross human rights abuses, and
19 genocide in Darfur, and to promote peace through20
out Sudan;
21 (3) to respond vigorously to efforts that either
22 undermine the credibility of the self-determination
23 referenda provided for by the CPA, undermine peace
24 and stability in Southern Sudan, or prevent the end
25 of the conflict in Darfur, including working with bi17
DAV10784 S.L.C.
1 lateral and multilateral partners, including the
2 United Nations, the African Union, the European
3 Union, and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization,
4 to take appropriate measures in the event of such ef5
forts;
6 (4) to promote and, together with the parties to
7 the CPA and others, to work toward full implemen8
tation of the agreement in such a way that results
9 in a peaceful, unified Sudan or an orderly path to10
ward 2 separate and viable states at peace with each
11 other;
12 (5) in order to help create conditions more con13
ducive to peace, development, democracy, and sta14
bility in Sudan, to—
15 (A) work with nongovernmental organiza16
tions, the Government of Southern Sudan, and
17 other bilateral and multilateral entities to pro18
vide critical humanitarian assistance in South19
ern Sudan and other areas;
20 (B) promote implementation of the CPA
21 by all parties, including the conducting of
22 peaceful and credible referenda on self-deter23
mination in January 2011 and foster commit24
ments from countries in the region, multilateral
18
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1 partners, and other key countries to accept the
2 outcome of such a process;
3 (C) support capacity building of the Gov4
ernment of Southern Sudan and that of state
5 and local authorities in the South, including
6 through the possible support of technical advi7
sors, in order to strengthen the abilities of the
8 Government of Southern Sudan to provide crit9
ical services to their people, whether as an inde10
pendent state or semi-autonomous region;
11 (D) assist the parties to the CPA and rein12
vigorate international engagement from regional
13 partners and others, including the People’s Re14
public of China, in resolving post-referendum
15 issues, including questions regarding citizenship
16 and migration, future cooperation in the oil sec17
tor and wealth-sharing, security arrangements,
18 security of border areas, water use, liabilities
19 and assets, and matters of currency and fi20
nance;
21 (E) help the parties to defuse tension in
22 Abyei, Southern Kordofan, and Blue Nile State
23 through successful conducting of the ref24
erendum for Abyei and the popular consultation
25 process for the other two areas, as required
19
DAV10784 S.L.C.
1 under the CPA, and the promotion of construc2
tive political engagement to address other con3
cerns in those areas;
4 (F) assist the Government of Southern
5 Sudan in enhancing governance and service de6
livery, reintegrating returnees, strengthening
7 the rule of law, building an effective police force
8 and criminal justice system, helping to trans9
form its security forces into a professional body
10 abiding by principles of civilian rule, protection
11 of human rights, and accountability, reducing
12 corruption, improving transparency, and build13
ing effective political capacity in a democratic
14 environment;
15 (G) assist the Government of Southern
16 Sudan in creating comprehensive controls over
17 small arms stockpiles, clearing landmines and
18 explosive remnants of war, and implementing
19 the Nairobi Protocol for the Prevention, Con20
trol, and Reduction of Small Arms and Light
21 Weapons in the Great Lakes Region and the
22 Horn of Africa, done at Nairobi April 21, 2004;
23 (H) promote improved financial manage24
ment within the Government of Southern
25 Sudan;
ء