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 Re: نداء عــــاجل ... من أجل اقليم دارفور (Re: elmahasy)
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Bolad’s Rebellion
Frustrated by continuous attacks on his people, murders, rapes, torture, forced displacement and dispossession of properties and the lack of protection convinced a prominent Darfurians army officer named Bolad in 1991 to form a fighting force and declare a guerilla war against the government . Unfortunately, the government with the assistance of gangs of nomads who at this stage became known as the Janjaweed captured Bolad and he was summarily executed by the government. Instead of interpreting the rebellion as a sign of general displeasure with its policies in Darfur and improve services the government used it as a pretext to wage an over all war against the Fur, the Zaghawa, the Massalit and all other tribes which supported Bolad.
After Bolad’s execution the government became paranoid and a new cycle of forced displacement, arbitrary arrest, abductions and extra-judicial execution of those who opposed or suspected to have opposed government policies and ideology became the daily routine. The Janjaweed operated openly with the support of the Bashmurga robbing, terrorizing, killing and displacing farming communities with impunity. Therefore, the farming communities appeal for protection from within and the response was the birth of Sudan Liberation Army (SLA) in 2003 with the objective of protecting Darfurians from atrocities committed by the government and its Janjaweed militia, ending the monopoly of power and resources, creating a secular democratic state in which religion and politics are totally separated. According to a recent statement by the Chairman of SLA - Abdel Wahid Mohamed Nour that 85% of his forces are drawn from the Fur, Zaghawa, Massalit and other non-arabized tribes and 15% from arabized tribes. A Few month after SLA’s declaration another group named the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) also declared war against the government stating achieve similar objectives.
In order to eliminate the SLA , JEM and the tribes that supported them the government avoided to use its armed forces as 40% of them are Darfurians to avoid possible mutiny, instead the government planned to recruit the Janjaweed and local tribes to fight the rebels. To that end the government recruited Sheikh Musa Hilali, a local tribal leader, a camel herder and a well known criminal, convicted murderer and a bank robber who was serving a long sentence in prison . He was released immediately by ministerial and with government support Sheikh Hilali recruited members from his own tribe and from others incorporating them with the Janjaweed. They were highly paid and were allowed to keep whatever they loot and were promised to be resettled. With the help of the government the Janjaweed were trained and were transformed into a killing machines who until now have killed over 50,000 innocent civilians, dispossessed and displaced over 2 millions.
Despite many eye witness testimonies from both victims and humanitarian organizations operating in Darfur that the government supports the Janjaweed the government denied any involvement claiming that it was an internal tribal war. However, documents obtained by Human Rights Watch which were issued by Darfur government officials prove that the Janjaweed are an integral part of the government military force who were recruited, trained, armed and provided with aerial support to commit war crimes and crimes against humanity.
WHY DARFUR
While the government has just signed a peace agreement in Kenya with Sudan Liberation Army ending 20 years of civil war in the South in which it killed more than two million innocent civilians, some might wonder why the government has started killing the Darfurians who represent 40% of its army and who have fought its wars in the South, the Nuba Mountains and the East. In addition the Darfurians are represented in the current Islamist government at all levels. Dr Ali Ali Dinar of the University of Pennsylvania and the grand - grand son of Ali Dinar the last Sultan of Darfur responded by stating that:
“ The National Islamic Front Government of Sudan’s war in Darfur is influenced by the following:
1. The only internal threat to the INF is the army and the war in Darfur keeps it preoccupied,
2. The Darfur war provides a pretext for the extension of emergency laws and other repressive policies,
3. This war can serve as an excuse for delaying the elections required by the Machakos protocol,
4. War enriches NIF elites and the security forces and with the slow down of war in the South and the possible peace a new source of profiteering is welcomed by many;
5. Revenge for what has been destroyed in arms and personnel in Darfur, and a victory – in contract to army defeat in the South.
6. A large percentage of Sudan soldiers are from Western Sudan, so it is in the government’s interest to create division among them as one group;
7. Divide and rule: the Janjaweed spread fear and animosity between the Arab and African peoples of Darfur,
8. Weaken the Umma party’s support among non-Arab Darfurians,
9. The presence of the NIF’s rival Isalmist faction, the People’s National Congress (headed by NIF ideologue Hassan al Turabi),
10. Generating support for the NIF from individuals and groups who have benefited from the war,
11. The war creates new alliances with groups that own livestock – a significance source of wealth as future strategic partners,
12. Shifting the radius of INF’s ideological expansion westwards, after its defeat southwards.
The Darfurians who are the victims and the main target of the current war share with the Southerns, the Nubians, the Bija and the inhabitants of South of the Blue Nile the following characteristics : - that their mother tongue is not the Arabic language, they proudly speak their native African languages and all of them resist to be fully assimilated in the Islamist/Arabist ideology. Furthermore, the Nubian of the North closer to the Egyptian border who have recently complained to the United Nations that the government of Sudan has displaced them and gave their fertile land to Egyptian companies for agricultural projects and allowed them to import Egyptians laborers also share the same characteristics with the four ethnic groups. Could it be a mere coincident that all victims of successive Sudanese governments share same characteristics or is it a well planned long term strategy designed by power elite regardless of their political orientation to control power and resources.
Human Rights Watch – Report on Darfur.
According to Human Rights Watch Quote: “ Since February 2003, the government of Sudan has used militias known as “Janjaweed” as its principal counter-insurgency ground force in Darfur against civilians from the Fur, Zaghawa, Massalit and other ethnic groups from which two rebel groups known as the Sudan Liberation Army/Movement (SLA/M) and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) are drawn. ……… Hundreds of Villages in Darfur have been totally or partially burned and destroyed by bombing and ground attacks. More than a million people have been forced from their homes and more than 158,000 people have been forced from their homes fled Darfur for neighboring Chad. The vast majority of displaced civilians remain in Darfur where most are settled in camps on the outskirt of towns, dependent on international humanitarian assistance that the Sudan Government has blocked and restricted for months….”
In relation to supporting the Janjaweed which the government the Human Rights Report States:
“Human Rights Watch has obtained copies of Sudanese government documents that describe an official policy of support to the Janjaweed militias. These documents, which originate from the offices of the administration in Darfur, implicate government officials ranging a deputy minister from the Central government to the beigest levels of the Darfur civilian administration …….. The documents illustrate the involvement at the highest level of the state bureaucracy in the recruitment and arming of the militia and the authorization of their activities that have resulted in the crime against humanity and war crimes.”
In relation to ethnic cleansing and resettlement of land by nomadic groups the report states:
The document from the office of the commissioner of Kutum, North Darfur State, dated February 12,2004 also appears to validate claims made by numerous sources …….. that the Sudanese government has plans to resettle lands from which the original inhabitants have been displaced. “ Unquote.
Furthermore the report referred to a statement by the Sudanese Minister for the Interior of his intention of creating 18 camps which will be protected from Janjaweed attacks to resettle one million displaced persons. The plan is very alarming as it reinforces the government policy of ethnic cleansing.
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| العنوان |
الكاتب |
Date |
| نداء عــــاجل ... من أجل اقليم دارفور | elmahasy | 06-20-04, 02:07 PM |
| Re: نداء عــــاجل ... من أجل اقليم دارفور | الجندرية | 06-20-04, 03:03 PM |
| Re: نداء عــــاجل ... من أجل اقليم دارفور | elmahasy | 06-21-04, 12:47 PM |
| Re: نداء عــــاجل ... من أجل اقليم دارفور | elmahasy | 08-29-04, 06:19 AM |
| Re: نداء عــــاجل ... من أجل اقليم دارفور | elmahasy | 08-29-04, 06:20 AM |
| Re: نداء عــــاجل ... من أجل اقليم دارفور | elmahasy | 08-29-04, 06:21 AM |
| Re: نداء عــــاجل ... من أجل اقليم دارفور | elmahasy | 08-29-04, 06:22 AM |
| Re: نداء عــــاجل ... من أجل اقليم دارفور | elmahasy | 08-30-04, 05:53 AM |
| Re: نداء عــــاجل ... من أجل اقليم دارفور | humida | 08-30-04, 05:57 AM |
| Re: نداء عــــاجل ... من أجل اقليم دارفور | خضر عطا المنان | 08-30-04, 06:53 AM |
| Re: نداء عــــاجل ... من أجل اقليم دارفور | elmahasy | 08-31-04, 05:41 AM |
| Re: نداء عــــاجل ... من أجل اقليم دارفور | elmahasy | 09-01-04, 05:50 AM |
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