كتابى عن البقارة: تصميم وصورة غلاف كتابى بالأنجليزية .. ريكم شنو؟

Quote: BAGGARA SOCIAL NORMS AND WOMEN AFFAIRS: Chastity and virginity are must traits for first times married brides, not so, however, for men. Through Baggara history, probably, nothing has led to Baggara men death than fighting over women affairs – arguably women affairs lead to more death of Baggara than wars. Baggara men keep their women under close custody and watch them out from sex predators (virtually from any man). In many occasions Baggara would kill a sexual predator right away in spot in raging dogs’ fight if they caught him; if he escapes and the damage was great such as a women get pregnant or lost her virginity, the predator should be compelled to marry her. A dragging war between different Baggara clans may ensue if one clan sexually predating on other clan’s women. Hundreds or more men might take up arms: spears, sticks, machetes, swards or even automatic weapons with round of ammunitions and they take on the other clan. In the past, a tribal Baggara war might inevitably ensued: many men could be killed, orphans would be left gazing at the blue, widows moaning and dusting their head.s with ash, misery and complete chaos would be seen everywhere. A legendary ‘Dahis wal-Ghabra’ Arabs’ tribal wars story, that raged for forty years between the Fazarah and ‘Ebs Arabs, may characterize the belligerent feudalism between Baggara clans over women affairs. Had the predator being a Baggara, his whole clan would have been taken by storm. In past times a whole clan would be annihilated. Only when the perpetrator clan succumbs, then the war would subside and blood money would have been paid for dead from both sides and the predator would be compelled to marry his victim. It is that belief held deep in the heart and mind of Baggara people that their dignity, honor and humility remain deeply entrenched in the chastity of their women. And, it is that belief of losing virginity, chastity and their dignity – their honorable virtuosity, lead them to an all-out war to restore the dignity of their race, to bring peace to the forefathers and to be good in the eyes of competing race. It is goes to such extend that such wars are named: ‘honor and dignity’ wars. Baggara families and tribes who fight honorably over their woman affairs considered of the best class to be favored for marriages. Brides are much more scrutinized than grooms during marriages on multitudes of traits - most of such traits are linked to chastity and its virtue – the virginity. Chastity of Baggara’s women is not an easy trait; it is a complex social phenomena; chastity is guarded by an unshakable Baggara’s belief in the relationship between their dignity and chastity of their women. Messing around with their women would erode the dignity of their entire pedigree not only the immediate family. Century-old dead holy fathers would have been defamed hadn’t had a harsh punishment would be precipitated upon sexual predators. It is outrageous to mess around with their women. The harshest punishment has to be served to restore peace, dignity and humility to families. It is their belief that the sex predator should have the harshest punishment which lead them to a revengeful fight which may end up in a dead corpse of the predator; it is such that punishment – death, the sex predators deserve to rid the Baggara families off the indignity and humiliation be fallen upon them. A woman erodes her dignity and loses her social status, once and for all, once she jeopardizes her chastity. Baggara have different attitudes regarding men chastity and virginity than that for women. A man of the messiest kind remains dignified as if he hadn’t had done anything wrong. The rough fight with sexual predator and hard beating of him over woman affairs is only to deter further messing with their women. The Baggara’s man if he fornicated elsewhere and not caught, no one cares. He even could have told his fellow men what he was doing or what he would intent to do even with other Baggara’s women, but not theirs. Taking this duality of Baggara behavior, from one side blaming women for sex outside wedlock and at same time taking it easy with men, seems very odd. This conundrum is not only a Baggara behavior but also a deeply entrenched general Sudanese social behavior. In Baggara culture, girlfriend or boyfriend between boys and girls are not allowed before Marriage: In Baggara social behavior, even honest love is not allowed before marriage; any love affairs are totally forbidden and if discovered it will jeopardize the marriage of the couples; only on limited scale does Baggara start to open up to marrying women on the basis of love. The basic premise here is that, any relation between a woman and man that does not involve relatives is considered a form of sexual infidelity. Boyfriend and girlfriend relationship are none-existent in Baggara land only under very secretive cover. Nothing in Baggara culture is called consensual sex. Any sex out of wedlock not only jeopardizes a woman’s future marriage but also jeopardizes her females’ siblings and above all the status of their family as dignified family. Honor killing is not prevalent among women, probably due fact that girls are terrified to consider any relationship before their families choose their future husband and also the way Baggara culture operates by honor killing male offender rather than targeting a women who is involved in the act. In totality, Baggara social life and women affair are deeply rooted in the Baggara culture and their way of life.