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Economy - overview
Since 1997, Sudan has been working with the IMF to implement macroeconomic reforms including a managed float of the exchange rate and a large reserve of foreign exchange. A new currency, the Sudanese Pound, was introduced in January 2007 at an initial exchange rate of $1.00 equals 2 Sudanese Pounds. Sudan began exporting crude oil in the last quarter of 1999 and the economy boomed on the back of increases in oil production, high oil prices, and significant inflows of foreign direct investment until the second half of 2008. The Darfur conflict, the aftermath of two decades of civil war in the south, the lack of basic infrastructure in large areas, and a reliance by much of the population on subsistence agriculture ensure much of the population will remain at or below the poverty line for years to come despite rapid rises in average per capita income. Sudan's real GDP expanded by 5.2% during 2010, an improvement over 2009's 4.2% growth but significantly below the more than 10% per year growth experienced prior to the global financial crisis in 2006 and 2007. While the oil sector continues to drive growth, services and utilities play an increasingly important role in the economy with agriculture production remaining important as it employs 80% of the work force and contributes a third of GDP. In the lead up to the referendum on southern secession, which took place in January 2011, Sudan saw its currency depreciate considerably on the black market with the Central Bank's official rate also losing value as the Sudanese people started to hoard foreign currency. The Central Bank of Sudan intervened heavily in the currency market to defend the value of the pound and the Sudanese government introduced a number of measures to restrain excess local demand for hard currency, but uncertainty about the secession has meant that foreign exchange remains in heavy demand.

GDP (purchasing power parity)
$100 billion (2010 est.)
$95.18 billion (2009 est.)
$89.81 billion (2008 est.)
note: data are in 2010 US dollars

GDP (official exchange rate)
$68.44 billion (2010 est.)

GDP - real growth rate
5.1% (2010 est.)
6% (2009 est.)
6.8% (2008 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)
$2,300 (2010 est.)
$2,200 (2009 est.)
$2,200 (2008 est.)
note: data are in 2010 US dollars

GDP - composition by sector
agriculture: 44.6%
industry: 45.3%
services: 10.2% (2010 est.)

Population below poverty line
40% (2004 est.)

Labor force
11.92 million (2007 est.)

Labor force - by occupation
agriculture: 80%
industry: 7%
services: 13% (1998 est.)

Unemployment rate
18.7% (2002 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%

Investment (gross fixed)
21.2% of GDP (2010 est.)

Budget
revenues: $11.32 billion
expenditures: $13.35 billion (2010 est.)

Taxes and other revenues
16.5% of GDP (2010 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)
-3% of GDP (2010 est.)

Public debt
90.8% of GDP (2010 est.)
105.2% of GDP (2009 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices)
13% (2010 est.)
11.2% (2009 est.)

Commercial bank prime lending rate
9.7% (31 December 2010 est.)
11% (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of money
$6.256 billion (31 December 2008)
$5.549 billion (31 December 2007)

Stock of narrow money
$7.875 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$7.19 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of broad money
$14.53 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$12.63 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of quasi money
$4.264 billion (31 December 2008)
$4.068 billion (31 December 2007)

Stock of domestic credit
$12.99 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$11.22 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares
$NA

Agriculture - products
cotton, groundnuts (peanuts), sorghum, millet, wheat, gum arabic, sugarcane, cassava (tapioca), mangos, papaya, bananas, sweet potatoes, sesame; sheep and other livestock

Industries
oil, cotton ginning, textiles, cement, edible oils, sugar, soap distilling, shoes, petroleum refining, pharmaceuticals, armaments, automobile/light truck assembly

Industrial production growth rate
3.5% (2010 est.)

Electricity - production
4.323 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Electricity - production by source
fossil fuel: 52.1%
hydro: 47.9%
nuclear: 0%
other: 0% (2001)

Electricity - consumption
3.787 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Electricity - exports
0 kWh (2009 est.)

Electricity - imports
0 kWh (2009 est.)

Oil - production
514,300 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Oil - consumption
98,000 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Oil - exports
383,900 bbl/day (2009 est.)

Oil - imports
11,820 bbl/day (2009 est.)

Oil - proved reserves
5 billion bbl (1 January 2011 est.)

Natural gas - production
0 cu m (2009 est.)

Natural gas - consumption
0 cu m (2009 est.)

Natural gas - exports
0 cu m (2009 est.)

Natural gas - imports
0 cu m (2009 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves
84.95 billion cu m (1 January 2011 est.)

Current Account Balance
-$4.119 billion (2010 est.)
-$4.232 billion (2009 est.)

Exports
$11.4 billion (2010 est.)
$8.473 billion (2009 est.)

Exports - commodities
oil and petroleum products; cotton, sesame, livestock, groundnuts, gum arabic, sugar

Exports - partners
China 68.3%, Japan 12.6%, India 5.8% (2010)

Imports
$8.839 billion (2010 est.)
$8.528 billion (2009 est.)

Imports - commodities
foodstuffs, manufactured goods, refinery and transport equipment, medicines and chemicals, textiles, wheat

Imports - partners
China 21.7%, Egypt 8%, Saudi Arabia 7.7%, India 6.1%, UAE 5.7% (2010)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
$2.063 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$897 million (31 December 2009 est.)

Debt - external
$37.7 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$35.72 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Exchange rates
Sudanese pounds (SDG) per US dollar -
2.36 (2010)
2.3 (2009)
2.1 (2008)
2.06 (2007)
2.172 (2006)