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Quote: The Magna Carta was signed in 1215 by King John of England, giving legal rights (formerly the rights of only the king) to barons and to the people. The Magna Carta conceded the freedom of the church and of tradesmen, guaranteed fair taxation, and established the doctrine of habeas corpus. Most importantly, it guaranteed that no free man could be imprisoned except by lawful judgment of his peers and the law of the land. This guarantee is the blueprint of English common law. No matter the ideals of equality desired, in 1278 this same judicial system ordered the hanging of 278 Jews for “clipping coin” (forgery or theft), while Christians guilty of the same offense were merely fined. In 1509, the first attempts were made to restrict the practice of medicine to licensed and qualified doctors. In 1530, the Holy Roman Empire enacted a criminal code and established police regulation (the first “state police”). Around 1600 the English transported criminal offenders to the American colonies as a punishment. The first law dictionary, called “The Interpreter,” was written in England in 1607 by John Colwell, who was burned in 1610 for trying to make the monarchy more powerful. The first speed limit, 3 mph, was enacted to regulate horsedrawn hackneys (carriages) in London.