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 Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور (Re: خالد الحاج)
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The testimonies of eye-witnesses to the destruction happening in Darfur were obtained from groups of refugees scattered on more than 300 kilometres over the eastern border in Chad. These testimonies were credible, coherent and put together, formed at a large-scale, if not systematic, pattern of destruction or #####ng of means of livelihood of those attacked. These, as well as other information obtained by Amnesty International, point at a military strategy on the part of the Janjawid, supported by the government army, to forcibly displace the settled population in Darfur. The testimonies suggest that this strategy may aim at taking control over land or at punishing people suspected to support or sympathise with the armed political groups in Darfur.
People in the rural areas of Darfur depend mainly on subsistence farming and the rearing of cattle, sheep and goats. Some communities also own camels. Cattle and camels in these semi-desert regions often are the main wealth available to people. In some instances, people have also been robbed of their blankets, clothes, cooking items and pots and jerrycans used as water containers. When people own little, the #####ng of their possessions makes essential acts of life such as fetching water, preparing meals or covering against cold nights even more difficult.
Moreover, citing insecurity and the necessity of counter-insurgency, the Sudanese government has restricted the movements of people in Darfur, including merchants and commercial trucks, traditional suppliers of food items, clothes, blankets and medicine to isolated rural villages.
The people of Turlili explained how destruction and #####ng affected them:
"First the Arabs burnt the houses and took our animals. Then they took our cooking items, our millet in the fields and even our blankets. This is what made us come here. They took the millet with them, we could not harvest our crops. Their camels ate our crops too. Usually we harvest in September and women cultivate vegetables after the harvest. How are we expected to live now?"
A local chief in the Abu Gamra area, between Tina and Kornoy, painted the extent of the destruction in his village :
« The Arabs and the government forces arrived on both sides of the village, with vehicles, on horseback and on camels, and armed with big weapons. I hid in order to see how many they were. The Arabs cordoned the village with more than 1,000 horses. There was also a helicopter and an Antonov plane. They shelled the town with more than 200 shells. We counted 119 persons who were killed by the shelling. Then the Arabs burnt all our houses, took all the goods from the market. A bulldozer destroyed houses. Cars belonging to the merchants were burnt and generators were stolen. They said they wanted to conquer the whole territory and that the Blacks did not have a right to remain in the region. »
Other villagers from around Tina said that the bombings had destroyed water wells. In Khasan Basao they alleged that some water wells were poisoned and smelt of sulphur. They also alleged that landmines were planted around the village.
Sudan signed the Mine Ban Treaty in 1997 and on 13 Ocober 2003 it ratified the Convention on the prohibition of the use, stockpiling, production and transfer of anti-personnel mines and on their destruction (Ottawa Convention). Amnesty International is calling on the Sudanese government to fully implement the provisions of the Ottawa Convention, including in domestic law and practice.
2.1.4 abductions, arrests, torture and killing of detainees
Ground attacks by the Janjawid have sometimes been followed by abductions of civilians. There is no information as to the whereabouts or the treatment of the following abducted persons. Amnesty International is concerned that these individuals may have "disappeared".
Two women from the village of Fuja were allegedly abducted by members of an Arab militia while travelling to Chad in August 2003. They are: Hawa Sabun Ishaq, 25 years-old and Hura Sabun, 40 years-old. Their relatives in Chad have not had any news of them since. They do not know whether they are still alive.
Three men of the Dorok ethnic group were said to have been abducted by the Janjawid after the attack on the village of Abu Jidad at the beginning of August: Ahmed Ibrahim Abdallah, aged 28, Abud Fadl, aged 27 and Musa Ahmed, aged 25. To date, there is no information on their whereabouts.
The mayor Abu Gamra, Kitir Mohamed Adam, told AI delegates of the abductions of two girls by the Janjawid during the attack on Abu Gamra, on market day.
« This man was shot as he was trying to flee the militia on his horse. His daughter and another woman were also fleeing but one saw her father being shot and came back to help him. The father gave a gun that he had to his daughter so that the two women could defend themselves. The Arabs took the gun from the women, hit them and forced them to mount on their horses. They took them away. Their names are Hawa Abdel Rahman Kitir, 28 years-old and Fatima Ahmed Issa, 32 years-old. »
In Garadai, near Silaya, the abduction of some thirty men by the Janjawid was reported.
The villagers in Garadai have not had any news of them since : « We do not know why they took them. Maybe to kill them or to obtain information from them. » Their names were given as:
- Abdallah Adam, 40, trader
- Abdallah Abaker, trader, 42
- Musa Isa, farmer, 30
- Ahmed Ishaq, farmer, 37
- Abdallah Ahmed Ibrahim, farmer, 40
- Mohamed Ibrahim Adam, 50, farmer
- Dini Mohamed, 35, farmer
- Yahya Izrik, 45, farmer
- Mohamed Abu Adam, 25, farmer
- Adam Abdu, 45, farmer
- Musa Yaqub, 45, farmer
- Mohamed Abaker, 60, farmer
In Jizu, near Silaya, some 12 persons, all farmers, were also abducted after an attack. They were reportedly tied up and made to walk in front of the Janjawid's horses. Their names were given as :
- Abdallah Ali, 35
- Jir Abdallah, 25
- Bashir Suleiman, 27
- Yahya Abdel Rahman, 25
- Abakar Issa, 25
- Mamad Khalil, 45
- Mohamed Suleiman, 45
- Abdallahi Abdallah, 45
- Anwar Ibrahim, 50 ans
- Taher Ahmed Mohamed, 25
- Bishara Abdallah, 35
- Din Ibrahim, 25
In Turlili, north of Silaya, twelve persons were reportedly abducted, including Abaker Adam Omar, aged 40 and Abdel Aziz Hassan, aged 27.
Idris Suleiman, 30, was reportedly abducted by the Janjawid along with other persons in Usha village, south of Silaya. The other persons abducted were named as:
Mohamed Suleiman, 50, trader
Mohamed Dein, 40, trader
- Adam Abo, 60, trader
- Yahya Issa, 35, farmer
- Yahya Omar, 36, farmer
Bahar Amer
- Abdel Karim Yaqub
- Dahab Mohamed
- Mohamed Nigui
- And three women whose names are not known
Amnesty International delegates were told of another group of 22 persons who were abducted by the Janjawid at Suani market, near Al-Jeneina and tortured. One of them, Arabi Anjol was summarily killed in what appears to have been a deliberate execution. Amnesty International fears that other persons abducted named in this report may have suffered the same fate.
Two men who were amongst the 22 abducted and who managed to escape, told Amnesty International delegates their ordeal :
« On 12 August, the Arabs cordoned off the market. They wanted to take revenge so they did this to us. At first people started to flee and the Arabs said that they would not do us any harm. So we stopped fleeing. They chose certain people randomly and tied them up in the middle of the market, in front of everyone. They forced us to crouch with rocks behind our knees. They left us under the sun and started beating us. One of us, Arabi Anjol had his arm broken because of this.
« When the sun set, they forced us to go with them, by running in front of their horses. They took us to their military camp where there were soldiers and a building with canons inside. The camp is headed by someone from the Sudanese army and another one. They left us outside and beat us with rocks and gunbutts. They were saying « We are the Arabs, we have the priority, you are the blacks »; « the government gives us weapons and you can't stay in Sudan, we will kill you and take your possessions ». They asked us some questions. Arabi Anjol, who had his arm broken, did not answer. So he was put on the side and they shot him twice, killing him. Then they talked to their authorities in Al-Jeneina. We were transferred to Al-Jeneina and the chief of the Janjawid asked us if we had weapons. We said no and he let us go. »
« There are five people who still suffer from the torture, including one who was beaten in the eye, we think that they are in Al-Jeneina hospital. The others are still in Al-Jeneina with their families. We heard that there is an accusation pending against them; they will be tried by the authorities, we do not know why. »
Government regular forces, including the army, the military intelligence and the security forces have carried out numerous arrests in Darfur before and since the conflict started. People of Fur, Zaghawa and Masalit ethnicity, in particular community leaders have been targeted. These arrests have been documented in numerous Amnesty International urgent actions over the past few months. Many of those arrested were detained incommunicado and tortured. For instance, Adam Hassan Abdel Rahman was arrested on 2 May 2003 from Tina Sudan and taken by air to the offices of the military intelligence in Al Fasher(13). He was reportedly detained incommunicado without charge for four months. He was reportedly beaten and and tortured with electric shocks. He was reportedly given poor food and only one cup of water a day and kept with 25 others in one cell which did not have any toilets. Three persons reportedly died in the same place of detention: Sheri' Abdel Rahman, from Tine, Abdel Rahim Taharja, a lawyer from Kutum and Hagar Yusuf Hagar, who reportedly died of sickness without having seen a doctor. Hamed was released on 13 September 2003, as part of the Chadian-sponsored agreement between the Sudanese government and the SLA.
The Sudanese refugees met in Chad told Amnesty International delegates of other arrests. AI has been seeking with the Sudanese authorities a complete list of those they detained in connection with the Darfur conflict, but has not received any answer.
In Kutum, the arrests of people were reported before fighting took place between government troops and armed opposition groups at the end of July. Al-Hadi Adam was allegedly arrested by the government and has not been heard of since.
Around Silaya, other persons were arrested in the months that preceded fighting. They include Adam Abdallah, who was reportedly chained and beaten upon arrest ; Abaker Adum, a 37 years-old farmer, who was arrested on the road to Silaya and Ismail Yahya, a 40 years-old farmer who was arrested on the road to Silaya in July. Their friends have not heard from them since. They suggested that they may be held in A-Jeneina prison. A trader, Ishaq Abdallah, was also arrested in June 2003 in Kongok village, North East of Al-Jeneina, after the Arabs reportedly complained to the government that he was revealing their secrets. He has not been seen since.
As part of the September cease-fire sponsored by the Chadian authorities, the government and the SLA exchanged their prisoners. Those held by the government were not prisoners of war: many were non-combatants, detained merely on suspicion of sympathizing with the ideas of the armed opposition, because they shared the same ethnic group or enjoyed a high status within their community. However, the SLA claims that 28 people arrested have not been released. They fear that they have been extra-judicially executed. Amongst them are reportedly:
- Mohammad Adam Musa (said to have had a broken leg)
- Abaker Tikki Jamus
- Mustafa al-Tom Hari
- Saleh Omar Shaikh al-Din
- Ibrahim Khater Arja
- Al-Damarja Hamed
- Hamed Bijja Ambedda
- Al-Sadeq Ali Abdallah
- Mohammad Jiddu Karkur
- Abdel Majed Hamed
- Ibrahim Jaber Musa
- Yaqub Yunus Har
- Ahmad Issa Nahar
- Ibrahim Ahmad Ismail
- Abdel Rahman Sharif Ali
- Suleiman Ismail Omar
- Khater Ismail Abdallah
- Tukar Ahmad Yaqub
- Yahya Bashir Bush
- Omar Musa Ibrahim
- Ahmad Yaqub Mohammad
- Hassan Baqeira Arba
- Bashir Ali Aqid
- Mukhtar Ishaq Saleh
- Musa [last name unknown]
2.2 Human rights abuses by armed political groups
2.2.1 Reported unlawful killings and #####ng
The UN information network IRIN reported on 30 July that "SLA rebels regularly attacked and looted villages taking food and sometimes killing people," according to humanitarian sources. "On 19 July they attacked Tawila town, 60 km from Al-Fasher, killing two policemen and two civilians. unknown armed raiders attacked a grain bank, health unit and local market in Mado village in the Sayah area, #####ng food, furniture and medicines, ".(14)
On 2 January 2004, "the armed opposition reportedly attacked the village of Sharaya in Southern Darfur on 2 January, killing between four and six policemen and soldiers, and #####ng a local market.", according to IRIN. The Governor of West Darfur was quoted as saying that "there were no army troops in the vicinity and the few police and security men were taken by surprise and were unprepared for such an engagement with such a big gang of heavily armed outlaws."(15)
Amnesty International has received very little information regarding killings of civilians by the armed opposition the SLA and the JEM. It may be because they did not happen on a large-scale, or because the organization did not meet such victims, or because civilians would only report abuses committed by those they see as the aggressors. Amnesty International asked the Sudanese authorities to provide information regarding abuses by the armed opposition, including on any government soldiers who had been captured and subsequently released, but did not receive a response which included specific examples of abuses. However, in certain cases, the armed political groups appear to have put the lives of civilians at risk. After taking control of some towns or villages it appears to have failed to take basic precautions to limit the effects on civilians of attacks by the government and government-aligned forces. Such precautions include ensuring that military objectives are not located close to densely populated areas. However this apparent failure on the part of the armed opposition in no way changes the obligation of the government and government-aligned forces not to carry out direct, indiscriminate or disproportionate attacks on the civilian population of on civilian objects. Tina and Kornoy have been repeatedly bombed by the Sudanese air force when they were taken by the armed opposition, while civilians were still present in towns. Kutum was also heavily bombed at the end of July and in August. When the SLA withdrew from Kutum on 3 August, it claimed that it was leaving so that civilians would not be bombed by the Sudanese government. Two days later, the Janjawid attacked Kutum and deliberately killed people.
2.2.2 Arrests and
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الكاتب |
Date |
| تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | فتحي البحيري | 02-04-04, 12:56 PM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | فتحي البحيري | 02-04-04, 01:00 PM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | فتحي البحيري | 02-04-04, 01:07 PM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | فتحي البحيري | 02-04-04, 01:15 PM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | فتحي البحيري | 02-04-04, 01:28 PM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | فتحي البحيري | 02-04-04, 01:50 PM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | فتحي البحيري | 02-04-04, 01:58 PM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | فتحي البحيري | 02-04-04, 02:41 PM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | فتحي البحيري | 02-04-04, 03:07 PM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | فتحي البحيري | 02-04-04, 03:16 PM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | فتحي البحيري | 02-04-04, 05:04 PM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | خالد الحاج | 02-04-04, 05:17 PM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | خالد الحاج | 02-04-04, 10:19 PM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | خالد الحاج | 02-04-04, 10:21 PM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | خالد الحاج | 02-04-04, 10:24 PM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | خالد الحاج | 02-04-04, 10:26 PM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | خالد الحاج | 02-04-04, 10:33 PM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | خالد الحاج | 02-04-04, 10:37 PM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | خالد الحاج | 02-04-04, 10:39 PM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | فتحي البحيري | 02-05-04, 09:48 AM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | فتحي البحيري | 02-05-04, 01:13 PM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | فتحي البحيري | 02-05-04, 01:23 PM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | فتحي البحيري | 02-05-04, 03:01 PM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | nahar osman nahar | 02-05-04, 05:22 PM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | فتحي البحيري | 02-05-04, 07:00 PM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | خالد الحاج | 02-05-04, 07:05 PM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | فتحي البحيري | 02-05-04, 07:17 PM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | خالد الحاج | 02-05-04, 08:05 PM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | فتحي البحيري | 02-05-04, 08:44 PM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | فتحي البحيري | 02-06-04, 03:18 PM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | فتحي البحيري | 02-06-04, 04:07 PM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | فتحي البحيري | 02-06-04, 04:13 PM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | فتحي البحيري | 02-06-04, 04:34 PM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | فتحي البحيري | 02-06-04, 04:35 PM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | فتحي البحيري | 02-07-04, 12:17 PM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | فتحي البحيري | 02-07-04, 12:21 PM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | فتحي البحيري | 02-09-04, 03:43 PM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | فتحي البحيري | 02-09-04, 03:50 PM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | فتحي البحيري | 02-27-04, 02:03 PM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | فتحي البحيري | 02-27-04, 02:11 PM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | فتحي البحيري | 02-29-04, 03:07 PM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | فتحي البحيري | 03-06-04, 11:59 AM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | فتحي البحيري | 03-06-04, 12:15 PM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | فتحي البحيري | 03-06-04, 05:09 PM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | فتحي البحيري | 03-06-04, 05:16 PM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | فتحي البحيري | 03-06-04, 05:26 PM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | فتحي البحيري | 03-06-04, 05:45 PM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | فتحي البحيري | 03-06-04, 06:15 PM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | فتحي البحيري | 03-06-04, 06:25 PM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | فتحي البحيري | 03-07-04, 02:34 PM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | فتحي البحيري | 03-07-04, 02:37 PM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | فتحي البحيري | 03-07-04, 02:51 PM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | فتحي البحيري | 03-07-04, 02:55 PM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | فتحي البحيري | 03-07-04, 02:57 PM |
| Re: تحرير الكتاب التوثيقي لثورة دارفور | فتحي البحيري | 03-07-04, 03:00 PM |
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