تأريخ العرب فى السودان: شعوب المور السودانية من هم؟ وأين هم؟

نعود إلى بحثنا حول المور السودانيين .. من هم وأين هم! فى هذه القراءة التالية أريد من القارئ ملاحظة أسماء القبائل التى ينسب إليها المور مثل الحسانية والبربر ..

The Arabic speakers of Mauritania speak a dialect called Hassaniya, which often sets them apart from other Arabs and marks their society as a distinct one aside from the more urban ones to the far north and east. The nature of Hassaniya is a mixture of classical bedouin Arabic and Saharan Berber languages (Sanhaja, Zenega, usually with respect to topography and plants). It is thus a mixture of Arab and Berber characteristics. This is also the nature of Mauritanian Arab society. They call themselves beidane, literally “white” but usually translated as “Moorish.” In a rigid hierarchy resulting from competition between arriving bedouin tribes and native Islamized Berber ones,* Moorish society is made up of hassane (warrior), zawouia/toulba (the clerical castes),** ighyuwa (griots, or bards), essina’a (blacksmiths), znaga (herders and servitors),*** and the harratin (also called “blackamoors” or “black moors”; descendants of slaves, who upon gaining their freedom conglomerated to farm the land of their ex-masters). This system emerged in the 1600’s AD, out of the struggle mentioned earlier, and remains in place, at the very least nominally, throughout the Moorish regions of Mauritania.
The harratin were originally black Africans of many whom claim a Moorish identity as a result of their position. In relation to a black African (a Peul, Sonike, Wolof, etc.), the Moors refer to a harratin as harrtani (”our black moor“), with the more politically correct term nowadays being sudani (”black”); black Africans are collectively referred as kory (an exonym the origin of which I am not certain). This terminology reflects that the Moors regard the harratin as being a part of their society, and the harratin reciprocate this feeling. The harratin have been a part of Moorish society for such a time that they have no identity outside of it. It is not unusual for members of the Moorish elite to have harratin blood, almost always matrilineally. Indeed, the harratin belong to the same tribes as the Moors and a harratin will introduce himself as Man X of the Such and Such Tribe, in the same manner in which a beidane would. They are distinct from the kory as a part of Moorish society, but at the same time they are a very distinctive sub-culture within it. They have their own musical form and they have social codes that differ from the non-harratin, and they look with scorn upon the kory. The union between the beidane and harratin is of a linguistic and cultural nature. Moors are by definition Arabs. Harratin are by definition Moors. The harratin are therefore Arabs, black as they may be

http://themoornextdoor.wordpress.com/2008/03/17/moorish-mirages
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