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 Re: تلخيص: From war to peace and reconciliation in Darfur منتدى عماد الأمين (Re: Elmuiz Haggaz)
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From war to peace and reconciliation in Darfur, Sudan
Abstract:
The paper argues that the Darfur crisis is nearing its end. One way or another, peace will be reached within the near future. However, sustainable peace requires arduous reconciliation that is indivisible from punishment of those responsible for atrocities committed in the conflict. This calls for the investigation and trial of tens of thousands, if not more, individuals implicated in the atrocities. While the ICC and Sudan’s National Justice System (NJS) can deal with the higher level crimes, the lower level crimes which are more numerous can only be dealt with within the traditional legal system (the Judia). In comparison to both the International Criminal Court (ICC) and the NJS the Judia is more efficient, but above all conducive for future co-existence and reconciliation. Drawing on the use of the traditional Gacaca system of justice, the author concludes by making suggestions that may improve delivery of the Judia in Darfur post-war trials.
Introduction:
It is now six years since the onset of Darfur atrocities. One does not have to subscribe to clichés of conflict maturity or war fatigue to realise that the Darfur crisis is approaching its end. Ample internal and external dynamics of recent months usher in an air of optimism that the crisis will soon be overcome. On the internal front, numerous processes have progressed to overshadow past obstacles. The divisions and proliferations of Darfur Movements that followed the Abuja Darfur Peace Agreement (DPA, 2005) have finally led to constellation into two or three groups. The Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) seem to have emerged as a clear winner capable of dictating future peace processes. In that last four to five weeks alone, no less than 18 factions of other Movements have flocked to join JEM.
Implementation of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement of the north-south Sudan (2005) has reached a critical phase. It cannot proceed without overcoming the Darfur crisis. At the same time, further stalemates in the Darfur problem risk unravelling the entire CPA with wide national and regional ramifications. Not surprisingly, CPA partners and their international mentors are now frantically working to rescue the situation. At last, the simple fact that the destiny of the Christian south is intertwined with the fate of the Muslims of region of Darfur has begun to sink in among SPLM leaders as well as CPA foreign overseers.
The ICC’s indictment of Albashir (March 4th, 2009) has certainly shaken the delicate Darfur peace process but has equally sent shock waves across African and Arab leadership. The indictment signals a historic new era that challenges impunity of sitting dictators against international prosecutions. Much more pertinent here, is the impact of the indictment within the ranks of the ruling National Congress Party (NCP) of Sudan. While the indictment gave the hardliners a cause to rally around the beleaguered president, dissent has emerged among moderate party members concerned about future prospects of their party. As an ICC spokesperson indicated, May 4th 09, some members of the government of Sudan intimated their desire to hand over Albashir to the ICC (Alwafd, 2009). Khartoum’s transfer of Darfur file from the notoriously hardliner Nafe Ali Nafe to Ghazi Salah Eldin is, to say the least, encouraging.
Other external factors contributing new vigour to the Darfur peace efforts include changes in US administration and collapse of international demand for oil. Obama’s reconciliatory, if not capitulatory approach offers Sudan’s government an opportunity to make compromises without loss of face. At the same time, Sudan’s oil revenue has declined from over USD300m to less than USD100m a month. This drastic reduction of revenue robbed the Khartoum government of cash needed to finance the Darfur war and maintain power in the country.
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| العنوان |
الكاتب |
Date |
| تلخيص: From war to peace and reconciliation in Darfur منتدى عماد الأمين | Elmuiz Haggaz | 02-19-10, 06:49 PM |
| Re: تلخيص: From war to peace and reconciliation in Darfur منتدى عماد الأمين | Elmuiz Haggaz | 02-19-10, 06:54 PM |
| Re: تلخيص: From war to peace and reconciliation in Darfur منتدى عماد الأمين | Elmuiz Haggaz | 02-19-10, 07:02 PM |
| Re: تلخيص: From war to peace and reconciliation in Darfur منتدى عماد الأمين | Elmuiz Haggaz | 02-19-10, 07:55 PM |
| Re: تلخيص: From war to peace and reconciliation in Darfur منتدى عماد الأمين | Elmuiz Haggaz | 02-19-10, 08:00 PM |
| Re: تلخيص: From war to peace and reconciliation in Darfur منتدى عماد الأمين | Elmuiz Haggaz | 02-19-10, 08:05 PM |
| Re: تلخيص: From war to peace and reconciliation in Darfur منتدى عماد الأمين | Elmuiz Haggaz | 02-19-10, 08:08 PM |
| Re: تلخيص: From war to peace and reconciliation in Darfur منتدى عماد الأمين | Elmuiz Haggaz | 02-19-10, 08:10 PM |
| Re: تلخيص: From war to peace and reconciliation in Darfur منتدى عماد الأمين | Elmuiz Haggaz | 02-19-10, 08:12 PM |
| Re: تلخيص: From war to peace and reconciliation in Darfur منتدى عماد الأمين | Elmuiz Haggaz | 02-19-10, 11:01 PM |
| Re: تلخيص: From war to peace and reconciliation in Darfur منتدى عماد الأمين | Elmuiz Haggaz | 02-19-10, 11:04 PM |
| Re: تلخيص: From war to peace and reconciliation in Darfur منتدى عماد الأمين | Elmuiz Haggaz | 02-19-10, 11:06 PM |
| Re: تلخيص: From war to peace and reconciliation in Darfur منتدى عماد الأمين | Elmuiz Haggaz | 02-20-10, 00:00 AM |
| Re: تلخيص: From war to peace and reconciliation in Darfur منتدى عماد الأمين | Elmuiz Haggaz | 02-20-10, 09:18 AM |
| Re: تلخيص: From war to peace and reconciliation in Darfur منتدى عماد الأمين | Elmuiz Haggaz | 02-22-10, 12:11 PM |
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Elmuiz Haggaz
فيس بوك
تويتر
انستقرام
يوتيوب
بنتيريست