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 Re: تحية مليئة بعبق الأراضي المحررة (Re: أمير بابكر)
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Continuation
Strategies of liberation
Several strategies of phased campaigns are likely to be required to undermine a dictatorship and later to achieve its disintegration.
As the long-term struggle develops beyond the initial symbolic strategies into more ambitious and advanced phases, the strategists will need to calculate how the dictators' sources of power can be further restricted.
The time will come when the democratic forces can move beyond selective resistance at key political or economic points and instead launch mass noncooperation and defiance intended to disintegrate the dictatorship.
The combination of strong noncooperation and defiance and the building of independent institutions of civil society is likely in time to produce widespread supportive international action but one must not depend on that.
The dictatorship disintegrates
When confronted with the increasingly empowered population and the growth of independent democratic groups and institutions -- both of which the dictators are unable to control -- the dictators will find that their whole venture is unraveling.
Massive shut-downs of the society, general strikes, mass stay-at-homes, defiant marches, loss of control of the economy, transportation system, and communications, slow-downs and defiance by the civil service and police, disguised disobedience or outright mutiny by the military, or other activities will increasingly undermine the dictators' own organization and related institutions.
As a consequence of such defiance and noncooperation, executed wisely and with mass participation over time, the dictators would become powerless and the democratic forces would, without violence, triumph.
The dictatorship would disintegrate before the defiant population when these actions occur:
When the religious and moral leaders in the society denounce the regime as illegitimate,
When the masses of the people are disobeying orders and noncooperating with the dictatorship (and instead obeying the democratic leadership),
When journalists and broadcasters are defying censorship and issuing their own publications and programs,
When the transportation system operates only according to the needs of the democratic forces,
When the civil servants are ignoring the dictatorship's policies and orders,
When the police refuse to arrest democratic resisters
When the army has gone on strike
Then, the power of the dictators has dissolved.
The democratic forces should be aware that in some situations the collapse of the dictatorship may occur extremely rapidly, as in East Germany in 1989.
The democrats should calculate in advance how the transition from the dictatorship to the interim government shall be handled at the end of the struggle, so as to establish a viable democratic system.
The path should be blocked to any persons or group which would like to become the new dictators.
Advantages of this kind of liberation
Among the advantages of this type of struggle for liberation are these:
It is more likely to bring about an end to the dictatorship than violence, which may entrench the regime.
The struggle can be conducted self-reliantly without dependence on foreign governments, which may have their own objectives and be unreliable allies.
Potentially the whole population can participate in the nonviolent struggle for liberation, and not only a restricted group of the population.
The casualty rates, though potentially serious, are most likely to be significantly lower than in a violent resistance movement.
The struggle will require much lower economic costs than a violent struggle, because no military arms and ammunition will be required.
The society will not suffer massive physical destruction, as is likely in a civil war.
No group in command of military forces will be ready to impose a new dictatorship after 'victory".
Nonviolent struggle has strong democratizing effects through the process of diffusing power throughout the society and 'arming' the people with knowledge of how to struggle against future oppressors.
Conclusion
In conclusion, may I call attention to three main points relevant for planning a liberation struggle against dictators.
Knowledge of the nature and use of nonviolent struggle is power potential.
With new knowledge of this option and confidence in its capacity, people in situations in which they otherwise would passively submit, be crushed, or use self-defeating violence, can apply these forms of nonviolent struggle -- and wield power.
Knowledge of how to act, how to organize, and how to transform one's power potential into effective power through nonviolent struggle enables otherwise weak people to wield effective power and to help to determine the future of their own lives and society.
Copyright Gene Sharp
The above is a publication of Gene Sharp, Senior Scholar at the Albert Einstein Institution, 50 Church Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
tel: (617) 876-0311, fax: (617)876-0837, e-mail:
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| العنوان |
الكاتب |
Date |
| تحية مليئة بعبق الأراضي المحررة | أمير بابكر | 02-20-03, 06:29 AM |
| Re: تحية مليئة بعبق الأراضي المحررة | Elmosley | 02-20-03, 06:32 AM |
| Re: تحية مليئة بعبق الأراضي المحررة | بكرى ابوبكر | 02-20-03, 06:52 AM |
| Re: تحية مليئة بعبق الأراضي المحررة | طارق اسماعيل | 02-20-03, 09:41 AM |
| Re: تحية مليئة بعبق الأراضي المحررة | intehazy | 02-20-03, 02:11 PM |
| Re: تحية مليئة بعبق الأراضي المحررة | منوت | 02-20-03, 03:47 PM |
| Re: تحية مليئة بعبق الأراضي المحررة | Abdel Aati | 02-20-03, 10:41 PM |
| Re: تحية مليئة بعبق الأراضي المحررة | moniem2002 | 02-21-03, 03:55 AM |
| Re: تحية مليئة بعبق الأراضي المحررة | أمير بابكر | 02-21-03, 06:56 AM |
| Re: تحية مليئة بعبق الأراضي المحررة | Abdel Aati | 02-21-03, 07:30 AM |
 مقاتل في صفوف الغزاة | سحلوب | 02-22-03, 02:01 AM |
| Re: مقاتل في صفوف الغزاة | Abdel Aati | 02-22-03, 06:18 AM |
| Re: مقاتل في صفوف الغزاة | SAMIR IBRAHIM | 11-07-03, 04:56 AM |
| FACING DICTATORSHIPS REALISTICALLY | Yasir Elsharif | 02-22-03, 11:28 AM |
| Re: تحية مليئة بعبق الأراضي المحررة | Yasir Elsharif | 02-22-03, 11:30 AM |
| Re: تحية مليئة بعبق الأراضي المحررة | Elmosley | 02-22-03, 01:13 PM |
 Re: تحية مليئة بعبق الأراضي المحررة | sentimental | 02-23-03, 06:56 AM |
| Re: تحية مليئة بعبق الأراضي المحررة | Abdel Aati | 02-23-03, 11:38 AM |
| Re: تحية مليئة بعبق الأراضي المحررة | Abdel Aati | 02-23-03, 11:41 AM |
| Re: تحية مليئة بعبق الأراضي المحررة | BAKTASH | 02-23-03, 04:54 PM |
| Re: تحية مليئة بعبق الأراضي المحررة | elsharief | 02-23-03, 08:18 PM |
| Re: تحية مليئة بعبق الأراضي المحررة | أمير بابكر | 02-24-03, 07:29 AM |
| Re: تحية مليئة بعبق الأراضي المحررة | Yasir Elsharif | 02-24-03, 09:04 AM |
| Re: تحية مليئة بعبق الأراضي المحررة | atbarawi | 02-24-03, 03:02 PM |
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Yasir Elsharif
فيس بوك
تويتر
انستقرام
يوتيوب
بنتيريست