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 Re: مالكلـــــوم أكس في ذكرى ميلاده (Re: آدم صيام)
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HISTORICAL FIGURES
Malcolm X
(Page 1)
Malcolm X was born Malcolm Little on May 19, 1925 in Omaha, Nebraska. His mother, Louise Norton Little, was a homemaker occupied with the family's eight children. His father, Earl Little, was an outspoken Baptist minister and avid supporter of Black Nationalist leader Marcus Garvey. Earl's civil rights activism prompted death threats from the white supremacist organization Black Legion, forcing the family to relocate twice before Malcolm's fourth birthday.
Regardless of the Little's efforts to elude the Legion, in 1929 their Lansing, Michigan home was burned to the ground. Two years later, Earl's body was found lying across the town's trolley tracks. Police ruled both incidents as accidents, but the Little's were certain that members of the Black Legion were responsible. Louise suffered emotional breakdown several years after the death of her husband and was committed to a mental institution. Her children were split up amongst various foster homes and orphanages.
Growing up
Malcolm was a smart, focused student. He graduated from junior high at the top of his class. However, when a favorite teacher told Malcolm his dream of becoming a lawyer was "no realistic goal for a nigger," Malcolm lost interest in school. He dropped out, spent some time in Boston, Massachusetts working various odd jobs, and then traveled to Harlem, New York where he committed petty crimes. By 1942 Malcolm was coordinating various narcotics, prostitution and gambling rings.
Eventually Malcolm and his buddy, Malcolm "Shorty" Jarvis, moved back to Boston. In 1946 they were arrested and convicted on burglary charges, and Malcolm was sentenced to 10 years in prison. (He was paroled after serving seven years.) Recalling his days in school, he used the time to further his education. It was during this period of self-enlightenment that Malcolm's brother Reginald would visit and discuss his recent conversion to the Muslim religion. Reginald belonged to the religious organization the Nation of Islam (NOI).
Intrigued, Malcolm began to study the teachings of NOI leader Elijah Muhammad. Muhammad taught that white society actively worked to keep African-Americans from empowering themselves and achieving political, economic and social success. Among other goals, the NOI fought for a state of their own, separate from one inhabited by white people. By the time he was paroled in 1952, Malcolm was a devoted follower with the new surname "X." (He considered "Little" a slave name and chose the "X" to signify his lost tribal name.)
A born leader
Intelligent and articulate, Malcolm was appointed as a minister and national spokesman for the Nation of Islam. Elijah Muhammad also charged him with establishing new mosques in cities such as Detroit, Michigan and Harlem, New York. Malcolm utilized newspaper columns, as well as radio and television to communicate the NOI's message across the United States. His charisma, drive and conviction attracted an astounding number of new members. Malcolm was largely credited with increasing membership in the NOI from 500 in 1952 to 30,000 in 1963.
The crowds and controversy surrounding Malcolm made him a media magnet. He was featured in a week-long television special with Mike Wallace in 1959, called "The Hate That Hate Produced." The program explored the fundamentals of the NOI, and tracked Malcolm's emergence as one of its most important leaders. After the special, Malcolm was faced with the uncomfortable reality that his fame had eclipsed that of his mentor Elijah Muhammad.
Racial tensions ran increasingly high during the early 1960s. In addition to the media, Malcolm's vivid personality had captured the government's attention. As membership in the NOI continued to grow, FBI agents infiltrated the organization (one even acted as Malcolm's bodyguard) and secretly placed bugs, wiretaps, cameras and other surveillance equipment to monitor the group's activities.
(عدل بواسطة آدم صيام on 05-21-2008, 03:48 AM)
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| العنوان |
الكاتب |
Date |
 مالكلـــــوم أكس في ذكرى ميلاده | آدم صيام | 05-18-08, 05:24 PM |
| Re: مالكلـــــوم أكس في ذكرى ميلاده | آدم صيام | 05-18-08, 05:27 PM |
| Re: مالكلـــــوم أكس في ذكرى ميلاده | آدم صيام | 05-18-08, 05:29 PM |
| Re: مالكلـــــوم أكس في ذكرى ميلاده | آدم صيام | 05-18-08, 05:39 PM |
| Re: مالكلـــــوم أكس في ذكرى ميلاده | Tragie Mustafa | 05-19-08, 05:58 AM |
| Re: مالكلـــــوم أكس في ذكرى ميلاده | شول اشوانق دينق | 05-18-08, 06:19 PM |
| Re: مالكلـــــوم أكس في ذكرى ميلاده | شول اشوانق دينق | 05-18-08, 06:27 PM |
| Re: مالكلـــــوم أكس في ذكرى ميلاده | آدم صيام | 05-19-08, 02:30 AM |
| Re: مالكلـــــوم أكس في ذكرى ميلاده | Abdulbagi Mohammed | 05-19-08, 06:28 AM |
| Re: مالكلـــــوم أكس في ذكرى ميلاده | آدم صيام | 05-19-08, 07:21 AM |
| Re: مالكلـــــوم أكس في ذكرى ميلاده | آدم صيام | 05-19-08, 09:22 AM |
| Re: مالكلـــــوم أكس في ذكرى ميلاده | شول اشوانق دينق | 05-19-08, 02:43 PM |
| Re: مالكلـــــوم أكس في ذكرى ميلاده | آدم صيام | 05-19-08, 03:24 PM |
| Re: مالكلـــــوم أكس في ذكرى ميلاده | آدم صيام | 05-21-08, 03:41 AM |
| Re: مالكلـــــوم أكس في ذكرى ميلاده | آدم صيام | 05-22-08, 04:13 AM |
| Re: مالكلـــــوم أكس في ذكرى ميلاده | آدم صيام | 05-27-08, 09:10 AM |
| Re: مالكلـــــوم أكس في ذكرى ميلاده | آدم صيام | 05-27-08, 09:16 AM |
| Re: مالكلـــــوم أكس في ذكرى ميلاده | آدم صيام | 05-27-08, 09:29 AM |
| Re: مالكلـــــوم أكس في ذكرى ميلاده | آدم صيام | 05-28-08, 03:42 AM |
| Re: مالكلـــــوم أكس في ذكرى ميلاده | Abdel Aati | 05-28-08, 04:08 AM |
| Re: مالكلـــــوم أكس في ذكرى ميلاده | آدم صيام | 05-28-08, 04:28 AM |
| Re: مالكلـــــوم أكس في ذكرى ميلاده | آدم صيام | 05-28-08, 05:23 AM |
| Re: مالكلـــــوم أكس في ذكرى ميلاده | Abdel Aati | 05-28-08, 06:00 AM |
| Re: مالكلـــــوم أكس في ذكرى ميلاده | آدم صيام | 05-29-08, 03:34 AM |
| Re: مالكلـــــوم أكس في ذكرى ميلاده | آدم صيام | 05-29-08, 03:56 AM |
| Re: مالكلـــــوم أكس في ذكرى ميلاده | آدم صيام | 05-30-08, 03:43 AM |
| Re: مالكلـــــوم أكس في ذكرى ميلاده | آدم صيام | 06-01-08, 02:54 AM |
| Re: مالكلـــــوم أكس في ذكرى ميلاده | آدم صيام | 06-02-08, 03:31 AM |
| Re: مالكلـــــوم أكس في ذكرى ميلاده | Abdel Aati | 06-02-08, 05:17 AM |
| Re: مالكلـــــوم أكس في ذكرى ميلاده | Abdel Aati | 06-02-08, 05:19 AM |
| Re: مالكلـــــوم أكس في ذكرى ميلاده | Abdel Aati | 06-02-08, 05:20 AM |
| Re: مالكلـــــوم أكس في ذكرى ميلاده | آدم صيام | 06-02-08, 08:40 AM |
| Re: مالكلـــــوم أكس في ذكرى ميلاده | آدم صيام | 06-03-08, 05:15 AM |
| Re: مالكلـــــوم أكس في ذكرى ميلاده | آدم صيام | 06-04-08, 04:25 AM |
| Re: مالكلـــــوم أكس في ذكرى ميلاده | آدم صيام | 06-04-08, 04:28 AM |
| Re: مالكلـــــوم أكس في ذكرى ميلاده | آدم صيام | 06-05-08, 04:11 AM |
| Re: مالكلـــــوم أكس في ذكرى ميلاده | محمد الطيب حسن | 06-05-08, 08:16 AM |
| Re: مالكلـــــوم أكس في ذكرى ميلاده | آدم صيام | 06-05-08, 03:12 PM |
| Re: مالكلـــــوم أكس في ذكرى ميلاده | آدم صيام | 06-06-08, 04:42 AM |
| Re: مالكلـــــوم أكس في ذكرى ميلاده | محمد الطيب حسن | 06-06-08, 12:50 PM |
| Re: مالكلـــــوم أكس في ذكرى ميلاده | آدم صيام | 06-06-08, 03:18 PM |
| Re: مالكلـــــوم أكس في ذكرى ميلاده | آدم صيام | 06-10-08, 05:18 AM |
| Re: مالكلـــــوم أكس في ذكرى ميلاده | آدم صيام | 06-10-08, 05:30 AM |
| Re: مالكلـــــوم أكس في ذكرى ميلاده | آدم صيام | 06-11-08, 07:53 AM |
| Re: مالكلـــــوم أكس في ذكرى ميلاده | محمدين محمد اسحق | 06-11-08, 11:11 AM |
| Re: مالكلـــــوم أكس في ذكرى ميلاده | EXORCIST7 | 06-11-08, 11:19 AM |
| Re: مالكلـــــوم أكس في ذكرى ميلاده | آدم صيام | 06-11-08, 02:59 PM |
| Re: مالكلـــــوم أكس في ذكرى ميلاده | آدم صيام | 06-11-08, 03:02 PM |
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