محنة البحث والدراسات ومحنتنا مع حملة الدكتوراه من د. الباقر عفيف إلى دكتور الشبق والفحولة

Colloquially, black is sometimes used with a negative connotation. The reasons for this are various, but the most widely accepted explanations are that night is experienced by humans as negative and dangerous. A secondary reason is that stains are most visible as dark additions to pale materials. In traditional class-based Western cultures "pale" skin indicated genteel domestic or intellectual indoor-work as opposed to rough outdoor labor in the fields. Aspects of this black/white opposition are not unique to the West, as, for example in the Indian varna system and in Japanese Geisha makeup. African, Afro-Caribbean and African-American writers such as Frantz Fanon, Langston Hughes, Maya Angelou, and Ralph Ellison in particular identify a number of negative symbolisms surrounding the word "black", arguing that the good vs. bad dualism associated with white and black provide prejudiced connotations to "Color" terminology for race.
• A "black day" (or week or month), in these cultures, would refer to a sad or tragic time. The Romans already marked fasti days with white stones and nefasti days with black.
o E.g., Black Tuesday, stock market crash on October 29, 1929 which is the start of the Great Depression.
o Black Thursday, stock market downturn on October 24, 1929
o Black Monday, stock market crash on October 19, 1987.
o the Black September in Jordan refers to a month in which thousands were killed.
o Black July killing of the Tamil population by the Sinhalese government
o Black Spring (Printemps noir) refers to the events of spring 2001 in the Berber region of Kabylia (Algeria), when the police shot and killed more than 100 people.
o Black Wednesday caused Britain to pull out of the European Exchange Rate Mechanism.
o Black Friday, various tragic events. (Exception: See Black Friday (shopping).)
• Many poems and songs use the word black negatively (e.g. "Paint It, Black" (Rolling Stones), "Baby's In Black" (Beatles), "Black Eyed Dog" (Nick Drake), " Fade to Black" (Metallica, Dire Straits, Zeromancer).
• In English heraldry, black means darkness, doubt, ignorance, and uncertainty. (The American Girls Handy Book, p. 370)
• Black is often a color of mourning in Western societies. Historically, widows and widowers were often expected to wear black. Across much of Africa, white is a color of mourning and is worn during funerals.
• Black comedy is a form of comedy dealing with morbid and serious topics.
• Black magic is a destructive or possible evil form of magic, often connected with death.
• A blacklist is a list of undesirable persons or entities (to be placed on the list is said to be "blacklisted".
• Blackball: to blackball someone is to block their entry into a some club or some such institution. It comes from an old English practice in which current members of a club or the like would vote on the admission of a candidate by each secretly placing a white or black ball in a hat. If upon the completion of voting, there was even one black ball amongst the white, the candidate would be denied membership, and he would never know who had "blackballed" him.
• Evil witches are stereotypically dressed in black and good fairies in white. Melodrama villains are dressed in black and heroines in white dresses. In many Hollywood Westerns, bad cowboys wear black hats while the good ones wear white. Funeral dress is black, wedding gowns are white.
• In computer security, a blackhat is an attacker with evil intentions, while a whitehat bears no such ill will. (This is derived from the Western convention.)
• The black market is used to denote the trade of illegal goods, or alternatively the illegal trade of otherwise legal items at considerably higher prices.
• Blackmail is the act of threatening to reveal information about a person unless the threatened party fulfills certain demands. This information is usually of an embarrassing or socially damaging nature. Ordinarily, such a threat is illegal.
• The black sheep of the family is the ne'er-do-well.
• The infamous "black hole of Calcutta."
• A black mood is a bad one (e.g. Winston Churchill's depression, which he called "my black dog").[1]
• A black cat is superstitiously considered bad luck and linked with death in the U.S., however in the UK a black cat is considered good luck.
• If you sink the black eight-ball in billiards before all others are out of play, you lose (The ball with which you sink all others is the white cue ball).
• A black mark against you is a bad thing.
• A black-hearted person is mean and unloving.
• Black propaganda is the use of known falsehoods, partial truths, or masquerades in propaganda to confuse an opponent.
• Black Death, also known as the Black Plague, was a pandemic in Europe which killed tens of millions of people.