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 Re: الســـــودان............. موريتانــيا تشــــابه عجيب!!!! (Re: Frankly)
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Country profile: Mauritania
A largely desert country, Mauritania forms a link between Arab Maghreb and western sub-Saharan Africa.
 As such it also covers a cultural transition area with the population divided between Arab-Berbers to the north and black Africans to the south. Many of its people are nomads.
OVERVIEW >
OVERVIEW | FACTS | LEADERS | MEDIA
In the Middle Ages Mauritania was the cradle of the Almoravid movement, which spread Islam throughout the region and for a while controlled the Islamic part of Spain. European traders began to show interest in Mauritania in the 15th century and in 1814 it came under direct French rule.
Morocco opposed the country's independence in 1960 and for a time tried to absorb it. But King Hassan II later improved ties as part of his plan to divide Western Sahara. The eventual deal in 1976 brought more problems, though, with Mauritania under attack by Polisario Front guerrillas and the subsequent downfall of the leader since independence - Moktar Ould Daddar - in a military coup.
Peace was agreed with the Polisario in 1979, but this in turn worsened relations with Morocco, until a detente in 1985. More recently, ties with Senegal have been strained over the use of the Senegal River, which forms the border between the two countries.
Mauritania officially banned slavery in 1981. The government has denied accusations that it is still being practised.
One of the world's poorest countries, Mauritania is poised to benefit from the exploitation of its offshore oil reserves. The Chinguetti field is expected to yield some 120 million barrels of oil.
FACTS
OVERVIEW | FACTS | LEADERS | MEDIA
Population: 2.9 million (UN, 2003)
Capital: Nouakchott
Area: 1.04m sq km (398,000 sq miles)
Major languages: Arabic (official), French, others
Major religion: Islam
Life expectancy: 51 years (men), 54 years (women) (UN)
Monetary unit: 1 ouguiya = 5 khoums
Main exports: Fish and fish products, iron ore, gold
GNI per capita: US $280 (World Bank, 2002)
Internet domain: .mr
International dialling code: +222
LEADERS
OVERVIEW | FACTS | LEADERS | MEDIA
President: Maaouiya Ould Sid Ahmed Taya
President Taya, in power since 1984
President Taya was re-elected in November 2003, winning 67% of the first-round vote. Opposition groups said polling had been marred by fraud and intimidation.
Mr Taya has governed since 1984, first as head of a military junta, and since the 1992 multiparty election as head of a civilian government.
In 1997 he was re-elected with more than 90% of the vote. The election was contested by four opposition candidates but boycotted by the five-party Opposition Front coalition.
Mauritania is a highly centralised Islamic republic dominated by a strong presidency. The 1991 constitution provides for a civilian government composed of a dominant executive branch, a senate and a national assembly.
The president faced a serious challenge to his rule in June 2003 when an attempted coup was put down after heavy fighting between loyal troops and rebel soldiers.
Prime minister: Sghair Ould M'bareck
Foreign minister: Mohamed Ould Tolba
MEDIA
OVERVIEW | FACTS | LEADERS | MEDIA
Mauritania's TV and radio stations are state-owned. Their coverage strongly favours the government and opposition access to radio is limited.
An FM relay of Radio France Internationale in the capital was shut down in 2000 after the authorities accused the station of only broadcasting negative news about the country.
Under Mauritania's press law, newspapers may be banned for publishing material that "undermines" Islam or is perceived to threaten national security.
The press:
Al-Sha'b
Horizon
Journal Officiel
Le Calame
L'Eveil-Hebdo
Rajoul Echaree
Nouakchott Info - private daily
Television:
Mauritanian TV - state-run, programmes in Arabic, French and other local languages
Radio:
Radio Mauritania - state-run
News agency:
Mauritanian News Agency (AMI) - state-run
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Frankly
فيس بوك
تويتر
انستقرام
يوتيوب
بنتيريست