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 Re: DARFUR PEACE AGREEMENT (Re: Deng)
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262. In addition, where the Joint Commission is unable to reach consensus, the Chairperson of the Commission shall consult with the International Members in accordance with the established rules and procedures and issue a ruling on the matter if he/she deems this to be necessary in the vital interests of maintaining the ceasefire. The Parties shall be obliged to adhere to the ruling.
263. The Chairperson shall issue regular public statements on ceasefire violations and progress towards implementing this Agreement and shall post these statements on the websites of the AU and AMIS and give copies to the Parties.
Joint Humanitarian Facilitation and Monitoring Unit
264. Without duplicating or impeding existing international coordination and assistance efforts, in the manner stipulated in the 2004 Abuja Protocol on the Improvement of the Humanitarian Situation in Darfur, AMIS shall establish the JHFMU in El Fashir and finalise its terms of reference and modalities.
265. The JHFMU shall comprise AMIS, the UN, the Parties’ representatives and other representatives of the international community as may be invited by the AU.
266. The Head of AMIS or his/her Deputy shall be the Convenor of the Unit. The Convenor shall call regular meetings; determine, in consultation with the Parties, the agenda of the meetings; and issue invitations to the members of the Unit to attend the meetings.
267. The roles and responsibilities of the Unit shall include the following:
a. To monitor humanitarian assistance and welfare conditions.
b. To observe safety and respect for human rights in relation to IDPs, other civilians and humanitarian supplies.
c. To submit monthly reports to the Joint Commission, through the Ceasefire Commission, on progress made and difficulties encountered.
d. To make recommendations as appropriate to the Joint Commission, the Ceasefire Commission, AMIS, Camp Managers and Humanitarian Coordinators of the IDP camps, humanitarian organisations and the Parties.
e. To provide support to existing international and national humanitarian coordination mechanisms for assistance in IDP camps and the United Nations (including in consultation with representatives of IDPs)
f. To provide support to the AMIS Force Commander as requested by him/her.
g. To support the UN and all humanitarian organisations working in Darfur.
h. To support the UN High Commissioner for Refugees in facilitating the voluntary and safe return of refugees to their places of origin.
i. To facilitate relevant humanitarian organizations as requested by them in facilitating the voluntary and safe return of IDPs to their places of origin.
j. To support efforts by relevant organisations to solve the problems of child soldiers, children who have disappeared, children who have been detained, and other children in Darfur.
k. To identify ways of defusing tensions among communities and building confidence and trust in Darfur.
268. The Unit shall review its functions and terms of reference 90 days after its establishment.
ARTICLE 26
PROTECTING IDPS AND HUMANITARIAN SUPPLY ROUTES
General Commitments
269. Consistent with the existing ceasefire Agreements, the Parties reaffirm the following commitments:
a. To respect the rights of IDPs.
b. To refrain from activities that undermine the safety, security and welfare of IDPs.
c. To refrain from activities that undermine or jeopardise humanitarian operations in Darfur.
d. To create a conducive, non-intimidating environment for the voluntary return of IDPs and refugees to their places of origin.
e. To provide special protection for women, children, the vulnerable and disabled persons.
f. To abide by the Protocol of April 8, 2004 on the Establishment of Humanitarian Assistance in Darfur and the Abuja Protocol of November 9, 2004 on the Improvement of the Humanitarian Situation in Darfur.
Demilitarised Zones around IDP Camps
270. In consultation with the Parties, the Chairperson of the Ceasefire Commission shall establish Demilitarised Zones around IDP camps in Darfur, bearing in mind the Secure Areas determined in the August 2004 Plan of Action signed by the GoS and United Nations.
271. A Demilitarised Zone shall be an area in which the following rules apply:
a. There shall be no forces of any Party and no other armed groups or militia, except with the permission and escort of AMIS.
b. There shall be no carrying of weapons by any person who is not a member of AMIS except with the permission and escort of AMIS.
c. In areas of GoS control, policing shall be conducted by GoS Police and monitored by AMIS. In areas in which this agreement recognizes the Movements’ control, policing shall be conducted by the Movements’ Police Liaison Officers and monitored by AMIS.
272. The perimeter of a Demilitarised Zone shall not include any urban area, approaches to an airport or urban security plan locations. In GoS-controlled areas, these perimeters shall be specified on maps agreed by AMIS and GoS. Where this Agreement recognizes the Movements’ control these perimeters shall be specified on maps agreed by AMIS and the Movements.
273. No Party or other persons shall deviate from these rules mentioned in Article 3 except with the written permission of the Chairperson of the Ceasefire Commission or his/her delegate and only to the extent provided for in that permission. A Party or other persons that has a valid reason for obtaining such permission may apply for it in writing.
274. The Ceasefire Commission shall have the following responsibilities in relation to the Demilitarised Zones surrounding IDP camps:
a. The Chairperson of the Commission shall determine the boundaries of the Demilitarised Zones and shall consult, the AMIS Police Commissioner, the GoS, the Movements, and when necessary the existing international and national humanitarian coordination mechanisms for assistance in IDP camps and the United Nations (including in consultation with representatives of IDPs).
b. The Chairperson of the Commission shall, in consultation with the members, determine whether any redeployment of the forces of any Party is required in the light of the boundary determinations. He/she shall also determine the procedures for any required redeployment and the timeframe for such redeployment.
c. The Ceasefire Commission shall regard any violation of the rules of the Demilitarised Zones as a ceasefire violation.
275. AMIS shall have the following responsibilities in relation to Demilitarised Zones surrounding IDP camps:
a. The AMIS Force Commander, in coordination with the AMIS Civilian Police Commissioner, the GoS Police, in the GoS areas of control and the Movements’ Police Liaison Officers, in areas where this Agreement recognizes the Movements’ control, shall develop a plan for patrolling and monitoring the Demilitarised Zones around IDP camps and shall oversee the implementation of the plan.
b. Demilitarised Zones falling within areas of control of GoS shall be patrolled by units comprising AMIS Military Observers, AMIS Civilian Police, AMIS Force Protection, and GoS Police. Executive policing functions shall be carried out by GoS Police under the monitoring of AMIS.
c. Demilitarised Zones falling within areas where this Agreement recognizes the Movements’ control shall be patrolled by units comprising AMIS Military Observers, AMIS Civilian Police, AMIS Force Protection, and Movements’ Police Liaison Officers.
276. The Parties shall have the following responsibilities in relation to the Demilitarised Zones:
a. The Parties shall abide by the rules of the Demilitarised Zones.
b. The Parties shall ensure that their commanders are familiar with the boundaries and rules of the Demilitarised Zones.
c. The GoS Police shall exercise powers of executive policing in Demilitarised Zones in areas of GoS control. These powers shall be exercised under AMIS monitoring in accordance with the provisions of this Chapter.
d. In areas in which this Agreement recognises Movements’ control, Policing functions shall be carried out by the Movements Police Liaison Officers under the monitoring of AMIS.
Internal Security of the IDP Camps
277. Security in IDP camps shall be monitored by AMIS Civilian Police.
278. AMIS Civilian Police and the GoS Police shall draw up security arrangements in each camp in GoS-controlled areas in coordination with the existing international and national humanitarian coordination mechanisms for assistance in IDP camps and the United Nations (including in consultation with representatives of IDPs). In IDP camps in areas in which this Agreement recognises the Movements’ control, AMIS Civilian Police in coordination with the movements’ Police Liaison Officers shall draw up similar plans based on the same principles.
279. In IDP camps in GoS controlled areas, AMIS Civilian Police, in coordination with GoS Police shall draw up a plan for establishing, training and building the capacity of community police. The plan shall be based on the principles that community police are selected by the IDP community itself, work in close cooperation with the community leaders, are granted authority by the GoS Police, and shall refer cases to the investigative or judicial authorities under monitoring by AMIS. In areas in which this Agreement recognises the Movements’ control, AMIS Civilian Police in coordination with the Movement Police Liaison Officers shall draw up similar plans based on the same principles above.
280. AMIS Civilian Police, in coordination with the Parties, shall train community police in IDP camps to enable them to effectively perform policing functions in the camps as the basis for a community police force for those IDPs on their return to their home areas.
281. The AMIS Civilian Police in each camp shall submit regular reports to the Joint Commission via the Ceasefire Commission. The reports shall cover the level of security in the camp and a summary of the cases registered and investigated under the monitoring of AMIS civilian police.
Protection of Women and Children
282. The Parties shall release all child soldiers into the care of UNICEF or the International Committee of the Red Cross. UNICEF, UNHCR and the ICRC shall be called upon to assist in the identification, removal, family unification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups.
283. The Parties, in coordination with the AMIS Civilian Police, the existing international and national humanitarian coordination mechanisms for assistance in IDP camps and the United Nations (including in consultation with representatives of IDPs) shall ensure that women and children in the camp are protected from all forms of violence.
284. In areas of GoS control, the GoS Police shall investigate all crimes, including those committed against women and children, and ensure the prosecution of the perpetrators and the protection of the victims. They shall give the AMIS Civilian Police unimpeded access and information to monitor these activities.
285. AMIS Civilian Police together with GoS Police and Movements’ Police Liaison Officers in their respective areas of control, shall establish separate police counters for the reporting of crimes committed against women, and women police personnel should staff these counters.
286. A significant number of GoS Police, Movements’ Police Liaison Officers and AMIS Civilian Police officers shall be women; they shall have specialist gender units to work with women and children; and all their investigations and monitoring shall include at least one woman.
Review by the Joint Humanitarian Facilitation and Monitoring Unit
287. One hundred days after the signing of this Agreement, the JHFMU shall evaluate the effectiveness of the security measures presented in the previous sections on IDP camps and protection of women and children.
288. In conducting this review, the JHFMU shall assess conditions in the camps and consult the relevant humanitarian agencies with a view to overcoming obstacles to the provision of humanitarian assistance and essential services.
Demilitarisation of Selected Humanitarian Supply Routes
289. The Parties shall not obstruct the free movement of humanitarian vehicles, personnel or goods within Darfur.
290. In consultation with the Parties, the Chairperson of the Ceasefire Commission shall establish Demilitarised Zones along selected humanitarian supply routes in Darfur. A humanitarian supply route shall be selected for demilitarised status based on the criterion that it runs through, or adjacent to, the areas of control/Redeployment Zones of different Parties. The security of a humanitarian supply route that falls exclusively within the area of control/Redeployment Zone of one Party shall be the responsibility of that party.
291. The selected demilitarised humanitarian supply routes shall be indicated clearly on maps agreed by the Parties.
292. The rules governing Demilitarised Zones specified in Paragraphs 3, 7 and 8 of this Chapter shall apply.
293. If requested by humanitarian organisations, the AMIS Force Commander may provide military escort to humanitarian vehicles on demilitarised humanitarian supply routes.
294. The Chairperson of the Ceasefire Commission may establish additional demilitarised humanitarian supply routes as and when he/she deems necessary, in consultation with the Parties.
Nomadic Migration Routes
295. The Parties shall not impede the freedom of peaceful movement of people, goods and services in Darfur, or interfere in any way with the ability of the people of Darfur to pursue any peaceful, traditional form of livelihood.
296. AMIS, in coordination with the Parties, shall urgently develop a plan for the regulation of nomadic migration along historic migration routes. This plan shall fully address security so as to ensure the safety of nomadic migration for the people of Darfur, including traditional nomads, and shall include detailed maps showing such routes.
297. AMIS, in coordination with the Parties, shall monitor the implementation of the plan referred to in paragraph 28 and on the basis of such monitoring take any additional steps necessary to ensure the safety of nomadic migration for the people of Darfur, including traditional nomads.
ARTICLE 27
DISENGAGEMENT, REDEPLOYMENT AND LIMITED ARMS CONTROL
General Provisions
298. The Parties understand that this ceasefire, to be credible, requires appropriate processes of military disengagement, redeployment of forces and limited arms control.
299. In order to achieve a credible ceasefire, which shall enhance security and build confidence, these processes shall take place in incremental steps; in a reciprocal fashion; with appropriate security guarantees; through agreements reached in the Ceasefire Commission; and with verification by AMIS.
300. The Chairperson of the Ceasefire Commission shall be responsible for planning, co-ordination, management and supervision of the processes. He/she shall oversee the implementation of decisions and agreements.
301. The processes will occur in the following sequence:
a. Preparation for disengagement and redeployment including verification.
b. Phase 1: Disengagement.
c. Phase 2: Redeployment.
d. Phase 3: Limited Arms Control.
302. The Parties shall inform their commanders of all aspects of the plans and rules related to these phases and shall ensure compliance with the rules.
303. The Parties shall inform the Chairperson of the Ceasefire Commission of the exact locations of their forces and shall indicate these clearly on maps. These locations shall be subject to verification by AMIS. This information shall not be disclosed to the Parties.
304. The Parties shall be bound by the Master Map as determined by the African Union Mediation and agreed by the Parties.
305. The Chairperson of the Ceasefire Commission shall provide the Parties with adjusted maps of the Parties’ respective areas of control, Demilitarized Zones, Demilitarised Humanitarian Supply Routes and Redeployment Zones.
306. The Parties shall be bound by the main rules for movement of troops, arms, munitions and supplies in accordance with the following matrix:
a. For the movement of armed soldiers, rotation and relief of units, and withdrawal of units from the area, a notification shall be given 72 hours in advance to AMIS and shall be approved by AMIS.
b. For the movement of Class V and Class VII (munitions and weapons systems) to, within and from the area a notification shall be given 72 hours in advance to AMIS and shall be approved by AMIS.
c. For ordinary supplies to and from the area, Class I (food and water), Class II (equipment and medical), Class III (fuel, oil and lubricants) and Class IV (construction materials) only notification to AMIS 72 hours in advance is necessary.
307. Any breach of the rules relating to the disengagement, redeployment and limited arms control processes presented in this Chapter shall be a violation of the ceasefire.
308. Concentration and deployment of forces and utilisation of access routes for the purposes of border protection in Darfur shall be unhindered, subject to notification to and monitoring by AMIS.
Timeframe
309. The phases shall be undertaken according to the following deadlines:
a. Preparations including verification shall commence one week after the signing of this Agreement and shall be completed within 30 days.
b. Phase 1 on disengagement shall commence immediately after the completion of the preparations and shall be concluded within 45 days.
c. Phase 2 on redeployment shall commence immediately after the completion of Phase 1 and shall be concluded within 45 days.
d. Phase 3 on limited arms control shall commence immediately after the completion of Phase 2 and shall be concluded within 30 days.
310. AMIS shall be responsible for verifying completion of the phases.
311. The Chairperson of the Ceasefire Commission, in consultation with the Parties, may modify the commencement dates and the deadlines where he/she considers this to be necessary. This may include accelerating the implementation the phases in any specific sector and implementing the phases continuously where this can be achieved.
312. The Chairperson of the Ceasefire Commission shall attach deadlines to the various activities that must be undertaken in each of the phases.
Preparation for Disengagement and Redeployment
Decision-making and communication
313. In preparing for disengagement and redeployment, the Ceasefire Commission shall endeavour to make decisions and resolve disputes by consensus.
314. Where the Parties are unable to reach consensus, the Chairperson of the Ceasefire Commission shall raise the dispute to the Joint Commission to make a decision in the best interests of disengagement and the security of civilians in Darfur. The Parties shall be bound by these decisions.
315. The Chairperson of the Ceasefire Commission shall ensure that all decisions and agreements relating to Demilitarised Zones, Buffer Zones and the Parties’ respective areas of control and Redeployment Zones are demarcated clearly on maps with precise GPS co-ordinates. He/she shall ensure that the Parties have the same maps with the same demarcations.
316. The Ceasefire Commission shall record its decisions in annexures that it shall attach to this Agreement.
317. The AMIS Force Commander shall establish a communications system and procedures for effective and reliable communication between AMIS and the Parties.
Verification
318. AMIS shall verify the information provided by the Parties as disclosed to the AU Mediation and the Ceasefire Commission concerning the locations of their forces. The exact position of each unit shall be verified. This information shall be confidential throughout the preparatory and disengagement phases, with access within the Ceasefire Commission restricted to the Chairperson of the Ceasefire Commission.
Plans
319. The AMIS Force Commander shall form an Implementation Team consisting of AMIS, representatives of the Parties, and international partners as appropriate. The Team shall visit all positions (with the appropriate Party member only) occupied by GoS forces of a battalion size or larger, and all command posts of the Movements, in order to provide information to GoS officers and Movements’ commanders, and plan for the implementation of this Agreement.
320. The Parties shall submit to the Ceasefire Commission a list of the other armed groups and militia that are aligned to them and subject to their influence and shall indicate the location of these groups and the measures taken to control and/or neutralise the undisciplined militia.
321. The GoS shall present a redeployment plan to the Ceasefire Commission for all phases of the implementation of the Ceasefire.
322. The GoS shall present to the Ceasefire Commission a comprehensive plan for neutralising and disarming the Janjaweed/armed militia specifying actions to be taken during all phases of the Ceasefire. This plan shall be presented before the beginning of Phase I (i.e., within 37 days after the signature of this Agreement) and implemented within the timeframes specified in this Agreement.
323. The Ceasefire Commission shall draw up maps that indicate the exact positions of Buffer Zones, Demilitarised Zones and respective areas of control and Redeployment Zones for the various phases of the implementation of the ceasefire.
324. In consultation with the UN and the Parties, the AMIS Force Commander shall develop a plan for demining during disengagement and redeployment.
Policing
325. The GoS, in coordination with AMIS shall develop a plan for policing of GoS-controlled areas of Darfur. The AMIS Civilian Police Commissioner in coordination with the Movements Police Liaison Officers shall develop a plan for the policing of the areas in which this Agreement recognizes the Movements’ control. AMIS in coordination with the GoS Police and Movements’ Police Liaison Officers shall develop a plan for the policing of Buffer Zones and Demilitarized Zones. These plans shall be monitored by AMIS.
326. The plans shall include the following:
a. Policing strategies considering the social, economic, and political factors in Darfur.
b. Arrangements for providing police serviceto the community during the implementation phase of this agreement.
c. Strategies to deal with the problem of violence against women and children.
d. The roles of the GoS Police, Movement Police Liaison Officers, AMIS Civilian Police, AMIS Force Protection, community police and other bodies in relation to these strategies.
e. A strategy for dealing with armed bandits and outlaws.
f. The functions to be taken by community police in IDP camps.
g. The roles of traditional leaders and local authorities.
327. In the following Zones, executive policing shall be conducted in the following manner:
a. In Demilitarised Zones in areas of GoS control, GoS Police shall exercise powers of executive policing, under AMIS monitoring. Movement Police Liaison Officers shall perform policing functions in Demilitarised zones in areas in which this Agreement recognizes the Movements’ control.
b. Buffer Zones that separate the GoS and the Movements, GoS Police shall exercise powers of executive policing in coordination with the Movements’ Police Liaison Officers and in accordance with the agreed plan, under AMIS monitoring. There shall be joint patrols of GoS and Movements’ Police Liaison Officers under the monitoring of AMIS Civilian Police.
c. Demilitarised Zones in areas in which this Agreement recognizes the Movements’ control, and Buffer Zones that separate the forces of different Movements, AMIS Civilian Police shall mount patrols in coordination with the Movements’ Police Liaison Officers.
Phase 1: Disengagement
Summary of Main Steps
328. The process of disengagement shall encompass the following main steps:
a. The movement and activities of the Parties’ forces shall be limited to the Parties’ respective areas of control.
b. As described in Chapter 4 of this Agreement, the Chairperson of the Ceasefire Commission shall establish Demilitarised Zones around the IDP camps and along selected humanitarian supply routes.
c. In consultation with the Parties, the Chairperson of the Ceasefire Commission shall establish Buffer Zones in the areas of most severe conflict.
d. AMIS shall monitor and patrol the Buffer Zones.
e. The Parties shall ensure that the armed groups and militia in their respective areas of control comply with the ceasefire.
329. These steps are described more fully below.
Limitation to Respective Areas of Control
330. In the interests of disengagement, confidence-building and enhanced security, the Parties shall limit their forces and military activities to their respective areas of control.
331. Within their respective areas of control, the Parties shall establish a command post with responsibility for command and control over the forces in that area. The command post shall have the necessary communication and liaison capabilities.
332. During the preparations for disengagement and redeployment, the Chairperson of the Ceasefire Commission, in consultation with the Parties, shall determine the boundaries of the Parties’ respective areas of control. The boundaries shall be indicated clearly on maps.
Establishment of Buffer Zones
333. In the interests of disengagement, confidence-building and enhanced security, the Chairperson of the Ceasefire Commission, in consultation with the Parties, shall establish Buffer Zones in the areas of most intense conflict. The boundaries of the Buffer Zones shall be indicated clearly on maps.
334. A Buffer Zone shall be an area in which the following rules apply:
a. There shall be no forces of any Party and no other armed groups and militia.
b. There shall be no military activities conducted by any Party or any armed group or militia.
c. There shall be no carrying of weapons by any person who is not a member of AMIS, except in accordance with the provisions for policing contained in this Agreement.
d. AMIS shall monitor GoS Police policing activities, except in Buffer Zones specifically established to separate the forces of different Movements, in which case policing shall be performed by the Movements’ Police Liaison Officers and monitored by AMIS Civilian Police.
Responsibilities of AMIS
335. AMIS shall monitor the Parties’ compliance with the rules of disengagement and the rules of the Buffer Zones.
336. The AMIS Force Commander shall develop a plan for patrolling and monitoring the Buffer Zones and shall oversee the implementation of the plan.
337. The Buffer Zones shall be patrolled and monitored by Joint Monitoring Teams comprising AMIS Military Observers and Party Monitors.
338. The GoS Police in coordination with the AMIS Civilian Police and Movements’ Police Liaison Officers shall develop the plan for policing in the Buffer Zones and AMIS police shall monitor the implementation of the plan.
Compliance with the Ceasefire by Other Armed Groups and Militia That Are Not Parties to This Agreement
339. Within their respective areas of control, the Parties shall endeavour through non-military means to ensure compliance with the ceasefire by other armed groups and militia that are not parties to this Agreement, including negotiations, mediation and traditional forms of conflict resolution; enlisting the support of traditional leaders and local authorities; and arms control methods, including registration of arms, storing of arms and restrictions on carrying arms.
340. The Parties shall submit monthly reports on their endeavours to the Ceasefire Commission. They shall indicate which armed groups and militias have agreed to comply with the ceasefire and which have refused to comply with the ceasefire.
341. In consultation with the Parties, the Chairperson of the Ceasefire Commission shall determine the most appropriate strategies for dealing with the armed groups and militia that do not comply with the ceasefire and present this plan to the Joint Commission for approval and submission to the AU Peace and Security Council for its decision.
342. In addition to the non-military means described above, these strategies shall include interdicting supplies of arms and ammunition; the creation of additional buffer zones; concentrated deployment of AMIS personnel; strengthening the capabilities of AMIS; forcible disarmament; and robust protection by AMIS of civilians, humanitarian organisations and humanitarian supply routes.
Actions with Respect to Janjaweed/armed Militia
343. The GoS shall neutralise the threat posed by the Janjaweed and armed militia in areas of GoS control. This shall include confining them and controlling their movement within strictly limited locations. Details of these activities shall be provided to AMIS.
344. In coordination with AMIS and the Ceasefire Commission, the GoS shall take the necessary robust action against Janjaweed/armed militia according to the approved plan.
345. AMIS shall verify the neutralisation of these Janjaweed/armed militia and undisciplined militia in conformity with the agreed plan.
Foreign Combatants in Darfur
346. The GoS shall fulfil its responsibility to ensure that any foreign combatants present on Sudanese territory respect this Ceasefire Agreement at all times when they are present in Darfur.
347. The Parties take note of the provisions of the Tripoli Agreement of 8 February 2006 and especially Article 4, which provides that the GoS should ban the presence and stay of rebel elements from the Republic of Chad on the Territory of Sudan.
348. AMIS shall investigate any reports of violations of the ceasefire by foreign combatants. The Tripoli Mechanism shall be notified of these investigations.
349. In conformity with the decision of the African Union Peace and Security Council, AMIS shall support the Task Force established to implement the Tripoli Agreement.
Phase 2: Redeployment
Summary of Main Activities
350. The process of redeployment shall encompass the following main activities:
a. In consultation with the Parties, the Chairperson of the Ceasefire Commission shall establish Buffer Zones and Redeployment Zones.
b. The Parties shall redeploy their forces and weapons away from the Buffer Zones and into their respective Redeployment Zones.
c. AMIS shall monitor and patrol the Buffer Zones.
d. Persons detained in relation to the armed conflict in Darfur and child soldiers shall be released.
e. Control of the Janjaweed/armed militia and undisciplined militia shall continue, and disarmament of the Janjaweed/armed militia shall begin.
f. Restoration of basic services shall begin.
351. These activities are described further below.
Redeployment Zones and Buffer Zones
352. The Redeployment Zones and Buffer Zones shall be indicated clearly on maps agreed by the Parties.
353. In consultation with the Parties, the Chairperson of the Ceasefire Commission shall exactly determine and subsequently may adjust the boundaries of the Parties’ respective Redeployment Zones.
354. In consultation with the Parties, the Chairperson of the Ceasefire Commission shall establish Buffer Zones between the Parties’ Redeployment Zones. The rules of the Buffer Zones are described in Chapter 5 above.
355. The GoS shall withdraw its forces to battalion-size positions, except for strategic/key installations/infrastructure and specified urban security perimeters. The Movements shall withdraw any positions that fall outside their Redeployment Zones.
356. The Parties shall redeploy their forces and weapons away from the Buffer Zones and into their respective Redeployment Zones.
357. The GoS shall ensure that in any area in which the Movements are required to redeploy, the Janjaweed/armed militia are fully neutralised, which shall be verified by AMIS.
358. A Redeployment Zone shall be defined as a geographic area in which a Party limits its forces and weaponry for a temporary period pending the completion of all phases of the final security arrangements. A Redeployment Zone may not be entered by another Party without prior permission, and is subject to the following rules:
a. No Party may deploy its forces and weaponry outside its Redeployment Zone without the written permission of the AMIS Force Commander or his/her delegate.
b. No armed or uniformed individual from one Party may enter the Redeployment Zone of another Party without the express consent of that Party and the AMIS Force Commander. The Force Commander may insist that such entry be accompanied by an AMIS escort.
359. The GoS shall redeploy its artillery, armoured personnel carriers, anti-tank weapons and mortars to Brigade Headquarters. AMIS shall monitor these sites. The SLM/A and JEM shall withdraw their artillery, anti-tank weapons and mortars to their respective sector Command Headquarters. AMIS shall monitor these sites.
360. GoS has undertaken to disarm the Janjaweed/armed militia in accordance with this Agreement. In the case where GoS is required to move the equipment referenced above in paragraph 62 for these purposes, it shall provide prior notification to AMIS.
361. Within their respective Redeployment Zones, the Parties shall establish a command post with responsibility for command and control over the forces in that Zone. The command post shall have the necessary communication and liaison capabilities.
Determination of the Boundaries of the Zones
362. When determining the exact boundaries of the Redeployment Zones and the Buffer Zones, or adjusting those boundaries, the Chairperson of the Ceasefire Commission and the Parties shall take account of the following:
a. The placement of major human settlements, humanitarian supply routes, historic nomadic migration routes the placement of IDP camps and Demilitarised Zones, and other humanitarian considerations.
b. The necessity for the Redeployment Zones of different Parties to be separated by Buffer Zones of adequate distance.
c. The necessity to minimise any security risks posed by redeployment.
d. The necessity to build the Parties’ confidence in redeployment.
363. The boundaries of the Redeployment Zones and the Buffer Zones shall be fixed clearly on maps.
AMIS
364. AMIS shall verify the Parties’ compliance with the agreements and decisions relating to redeployment.
365. AMIS shall monitor the Parties’ compliance with the rules of the Redeployment Zones and the Buffer Zones.
366. The AMIS Force Commander shall develop a plan for patrolling and monitoring the Buffer Zones and shall oversee the implementation of the plan.
367. The Buffer Zones shall be patrolled and monitored by Joint Monitoring Teams comprising AMIS Military Observers and Party Monitors.
Regulation of Border Activities
368. Mindful of the obligations of the Government of Sudan and its neighbouring States to respect all relevant provisions of international law, including especially the prohibition on allowing the national territory to be used for launching military attacks against another State, and the prohibition on the passage of arms across the international border, the sovereign right of the GoS to control its national borders is affirmed. This right shall be exercised in a manner consistent with the obligations in this Agreement. Actions taken by GoS to protect its international borders shall require prior notification to AMIS.
Release of Detainees
369. The Parties shall unconditionally release all persons detained in relation to the armed conflict in Darfur, other than persons convicted through the due process of law as stipulated in paragraph 6 of UN Security Council Resolution 1556 of 2004.
370. The Ceasefire Commission shall facilitate the release of all persons detained in relation to the armed conflict in Darfur shall request the assistance of the International Committee of the Red Cross.
Disarmament of Janjaweed/armed Militia
371. The GoS shall ensure that Janjaweed/armed militia in areas of GoS control shall not be active in areas of civilian habitation and IDP camps or move into the areas in which this Agreement recognizes the Movements’ control to disrupt the their redeployment.
372. The GoS shall implement the relevant stages of its plan for neutralising, controlling and disarming the Janjaweed/armed militia in its areas of control. Its operations shall be conducted in coordination with AMIS and with prior notification to the Ceasefire Commission. This stage of the plan may include:
a. Enforcement operations in selected localities with the intent of apprehending and disarming.
b. Confiscation of heavy and long-range weapons systems, crew-operated weapons and motor vehicles.
c. Prosecutions and punitive actions against criminal elements.
d. Any other such actions as are contained in the plan and agreed by the Ceasefire Commission.
373. AMIS shall verify the above measures.
Restoration of Essential Services
374. GoS shall restore personnel and funding of governmental services in areas in which they have been interrupted due to the conflict, including education, health, water, veterinary services, agricultural extension, forestry, road maintenance and posts and telecommunications, with special attention to the specific needs of women. This shall be consistent with the provisions of the Protocol on Wealth-Sharing. The Movements shall cooperate in the restoration of such services.
Phase 3: Limited Arms Control
375. Following the Parties’ redeployment into their respective Redeployment Zones, and the implementation of the relevant stages of the plan for neutralisation and disarmament of the Janjaweed/outlaw militia and neutralisation and control of undisciplined militia, the Parties shall hold their long-range weapons systems, heavy artillery, crew-assisted weapons and related ammunition in designated secure locations subject to inspection by AMIS at the unit level. GoS Brigade and Division Headquarters shall be visited. The Movements’ main headquarters and sector headquarters shall be visited.
376. In consultation with the Parties, the Chairperson of the Ceasefire Commission shall oversee this arms control process; identify precisely the weapons and ammunition that have to be held subject to the inspection of AMIS; designate the locations and determine the requirements and procedures for holding and inspection/visiting.
377. In consultation with the Parties, the Chairperson of the Ceasefire Commission shall select assembly areas for the Movements’ forces and shall begin preparations for assembly of the Movements’ combatants, as specified in detail in the Final Status Security Arrangements Agreement.
Verification by AMIS
378. In all the phases of preparation, disengagement, redeployment and limited arms control, AMIS shall be responsible for verifying compliance by the Parties with the agreements and decisions of the Ceasefire Commission and the decisions of the Chairperson of the Commission.
379. AMIS shall present verification reports to the Ceasefire Commission on a regular basis and shall immediately alert the Commission to any breach of the rules and any violation of the ceasefire.
380. AMIS shall monitor the obligations of the GoS to refrain from any offensive military flight in or over Darfur. For this purpose SOMA is applicable, governing access to all airports and related facilities in Darfur.
381. The Parties shall be committed not to use AMIS insignia and flags. The Ceasefire Commission shall regard any breach of obligations in this regard as an extremely serious violation of the ceasefire.
ARTICLE 28
NON-MILITARY LOGISTIC SUPPORT TO THE MOVEMENTS
382. When the forces of the Movements have redeployed, the Movements may request non-military logistical support and communications equipment for their forces. Such requests shall be considered by the Ceasefire Commission.
383. At the request of the Joint Commission, the AU shall solicit and garner support from the international donors and organisations for non-military logistic supplies, communications equipment and funding for such supplies for the forces of the Movements.
384. The Movements shall qualify to request non-military logistic support when they have undertaken the following activities to the satisfaction of the AMIS Force Commander:
a. Redeployed their forces and weapons.
b. Held their long-range weapons systems, heavy artillery, crew-assisted weapons and related ammunition to designated secure locations subject to the inspection of AMIS.
c. Registered with AMIS their combatants and determined the number, age and gender of the combatants requiring support.
385. The AMIS Force Commander may suspend supplies to any zone or area where a faction or Movement committed a reported and verified ceasefire violation. The matter shall immediately be referred to the Ceasefire Commission for resolution.
386. AMIS shall establish a Logistics Co-ordination Committee (LCC) that will be responsible for supervising and co-ordinating logistic support to the Movements’ forces. The LCC shall report to the Ceasefire Commission.
387. The terms of reference of the LCC shall include the following:
a. Gather and collate data on the logistic and communications requirements of the Movements’ forces.
b. Receive and store logistic supplies from international donors.
c. Place orders for logistic supplies in appropriate quantity and quality with the AMIS Chief Administrative Officer, who shall be responsible for procurement.
d. Distribute logistic supplies to the Movements’ forces through distribution points or centres in the Redeployment Zone.
e. Determine the rules and procedures that govern the provision of non-military logistic supplies and communications equipment to the Movements’ forces.
388. The LCC shall comprise the DFC (Chairperson), Chief Joint Logistic Operation Centre, Chief Administrative Officer, Representative of Parties, the donors and the UN.
389. The Parties shall co-operate with the LCC, AMIS and any other body agreed by the Parties that is involved in the provision of logistic support to the Movements.
390. The LCC shall determine and verify the Movements’ logistic requirements in relation to the following:
a. Rations.
b. Water.
c. Shelter.
d. Medical supplies.
e. Clothing.
391. In order to facilitate the delivery of logistic support, the LCC shall establish distribution points and centres in the Movements’ Redeployment Zone.
392. The Parties shall ensure that the logistic supply routes established by the LCC are free of hostilities. The LCC shall give the Parties due notice of the movement of supplies.
393. AMIS shall provide an escort for supply convoys moving from depots to distribution points and centres.
ARTICLE 30 FINAL SECURITY AGREEMENTS FOR DARFUR
Purpose
394. This Section provides for integration (in Chapter 9 herein); disarmament, demobilization (in Chapter 10 herein), and social and economic reintegration (in Chapter 11 herein); and the reform of selected national security institutions (in Chapter 12 herein).
Integration of Former Combatants into National Security Institutions
Darfur Security Arrangements Implementation Commission
394. The Government of Sudan (GOS) shall immediately establish a Darfur Security Arrangements Implementation Commission (DSAIC), which shall be a subsidiary body of the Transitional Darfur Regional Authority (TDRA) and coordinate the implementation of this Section.
395. The DSAIC shall establish such subsidiary bodies as it deems necessary to fulfill its functions for security forces integration; former combatant disarmament and demobilization; and social and economic reintegration of former combatants.
396. DSAIC members shall include the Governors of the three Darfur States, a representative of the Chief of Staff of the SAF, a representative of the National Council for DDR Coordination, three representatives nominated by the Movements, representatives of the AMIS and the Chairperson of the Security Advisory Team referred to below and other persons required to implement integration. The Presidency shall appoint the chairperson of the DSAIC.
397. Any subsidiary bodies established by the DSAIC shall include representatives from the groups that make up the membership of the DSAIC.
398. Women shall be fairly represented on the DSAIC and any subsidiary bodies it establishes. These bodies shall develop mechanisms to ensure that their work incorporates appropriate input from women on issues of special concern to women and children.
Security Advisory Team
399. In order to build confidence and guarantee fairness, the GOS, in coordination with the Parties, shall establish a Security Advisory Team (SAT) staffed by technical experts from a country or countries acceptable to the Parties, or from an international or regional organization, to support, supervise and monitor the integration of former combatants and the restructuring of selected security institutions.
400. The GOS shall provide adequate financial and logistical support to the SAT and may seek to mobilize international community to assist in providing such support.
401. The SAT shall be led by a General Officer to support and advise the DSAIC in its designing, planning, implementing, managing, monitoring, and verifying of the integration of former combatants into selected security institutions. The SAT shall conduct its activities in consultation with AMIS and others as appropriate.
402. The SAT shall be available to help DSAIC mediate any disputes among the Parties regarding the integration of former combatants.
Principles for Integration of Former Combatants into Security Institutions
403. The DSAIC or subsidiary body established by the DSAIC shall design, plan, implement, manage, monitor and verify the integration of former combatants. It shall develop Integration of Former Combatants Plan (ICP) within sixty days of its establishment.
404. The integration process shall be designed and undertaken in a manner that contributes to the professionalism, inclusiveness, and capabilities of Sudan’s security institutions, without discrimination on the basis of gender. The integration process will be completed within eighteen months covering conventional training, but not post basic or upgrade training.
405. The GOS shall make positions available to former combatants on the basis of a rank structure, and senior positions shall be included as appropriate. Special attention shall be paid to the integration of female former combatants.
406. The GOS shall arrange for or provide former combatants with support and training, including accelerated training where necessary, to ensure that they meet the requirements of their rank, functions and potential promotion.
407. The GOS may request the African Union, its member states, and international partners to offer training in their training institutions to former combatants, including senior officers, non-commissioned officers, soldiers and other specific security force training as appropriate for their functional expertise.
408. Following their integration, former combatants shall be posted to units serving in Darfur for at least five years immediately following their integration.
409. Newly integrated former combatants shall not be released from government service as a result of any reductions of force levels coincident to security sector reform or other downsizing requirements during their first five years of service.
410. Former combatants who have previously served as Police officers shall be given preferential treatment for returning to the Police force at their former rank.
411. Former combatants and non-combatants under the age of 18 will not be accepted into any of the Sudanese national security institutions.
The Integrated Former Combatant Plan (ICP)
412. The Parties agree that the ICP shall provide for integration, subject to reasonable and fair eligibility criteria relating to age and fitness for service:
a. A minimum of X number of former combatants from the Movements’ forces shall be integrated into the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF).
b. Priority shall be given to the re-absorption of former combatants who previously served in the SAF and who left service or were dismissed as a result of the conflict in Darfur.
c. A minimum of an additional X number of former combatants from the Movements shall be integrated into other security institutions of Sudan, particularly the Border Guards and the Popular Defence Forces (PDF). In exceptional circumstances, X number of formed units may be integrated in to such security institutions.
413. In addition to the numbers above, a minimum of X number of former combatants and non-combatant members of the Movements shall be integrated into the Sudanese Police Force.
414. The ICP shall specify that appropriate security forces shall provide integration plans, guidance and timelines. Integration plans provided by the specified security forces shall require review and approval by the DSAIC.
415. If formed units are integrated into the security institutions referred to above, the ICP shall include implementation guidance and timelines for the restructuring of formed units into conventional units and deployment to GOS garrisons.
416. The ICP shall take into account the special needs of female former combatants.
Assembly, Disarmament, and Demobilization of Former Combatants
General Provisions
417. Assembly of the Movements’ forces shall begin immediately after the completion of Phase 3 of the Enhanced Ceasefire Agreement, subject to AMIS’s verification of the disarmament of the Janjaweed/armed militia. Assembly shall be completed in 60 days after the completion of Phase 3.
418. The Assembly of the Movements’ forces for disarmament and demobilization shall be conducted in parallel with the initiation of programs for reform of selected security institutions.
419. During Phase 3 of the Enhanced Ceasefire Agreement, AMIS, in consultation with the Parties, shall develop a plan for Assembly sites to include:
a. The size, number and locations of Movement Assembly sites.
b. Desired characteristics of the Assembly sites, taking into account the specific needs of female former combatants.
c. Logistical support of the Assembly sites.
420. The GOS shall provide adequate funding and non-military logistics to support Assembly of former combatants, and may seek to mobilize appropriate international organizations in order to help secure financial, technical, logistical and other support for the Assembly, Disarmament, and Demobilization processes.
421. Former combatants’ relocation to final Assembly sites, and the Assembly sites themselves, shall be monitored by AMIS. The Parties agree to provide AMIS with unhindered access to all Assembly sites.
422. Movements shall be responsible for the administration, discipline and internal security of former combatants in the Assembly sites.
423. Prior to completion of disarmament, individual former combatants shall not travel outside the Assembly sites with weapons. Travel outside of Assembly sites by former combatant units shall require at least 72 hours advance notice to AMIS and approval by AMIS.
Disarmament and Demobilization
424. The DSAIC or other subsidiary body established by DSAIC shall develop a plan that specifies the timing, sequencing and processes of disarmament and demobilization of former combatants.
425. The Movements shall conduct disarmament and demobilization with the assistance of AMIS and other international partners.
426. The Parties shall ensure that while former combatants are Assembled, disarmament and demobilization shall take place in accordance with the following:
a. Awareness orientation, sensitization and training of commanders and their forces on DDR, the peace process and their respective roles and responsibility.
b. The Parties agree to the eligibility criteria for the disarmament process annexed to this Agreement for those combatants that will not be integrated.
c. Pending their destruction, storage of weapons shall be in containers at designated locations under dual lock, with the Movements in control of one key and AMIS in control of the other key.
d. Registration, screening and categorization of Movement Forces shall be conducted prior to demobilization.
e. Demobilization and reinsertion of disabled combatants shall commence immediately.
427. The demobilization process shall start after the disarmament process and be linked to integration and social and economic reintegration. The process shall be executed in the Movements’ Assembly sites and shall be conducted under the control of AMIS.
428. The demobilization shall include former combatants, including female former combatants.
429. The GOS shall fully complete the downsizing it began in August of 2004 of the PDF and Border Guard units that were inducted into service in response to the conflict in Darfur and shall disarm and demobilize the members of the downsized units. The GOS shall disclose its Status of Forces as of August 2004 to the CFC as a benchmark for it’s monitoring.
430. The Parties agree that former combatants under the age of 18 shall not be moved to Assembly sites but shall instead be disarmed and demobilized separately and that child disarmament and demobilization shall commence immediately after signature of this Agreement.
Social and Economic Reintegration of Former Combatants
General Provisions
431. With the assistance of international partners, the GOS shall ensure that all former combatants who wish to return to civilian life or do not meet the eligibility criteria for entry into the SAF and selected security institutions are properly supported through social and economic reintegration programs.
432. The GOS shall ensure that all demobilized members of the SAF and demobilized members of the reformed security institutions who are from Darfur are also properly supported through social and economic reintegration programs.
433. Fairness, transparency, equity and consistency shall be ensured in determining the eligibility of former combatants targeted for assistance.
434. Former combatants shall be treated equitably irrespective of their previous Movements’ affiliations. They shall also be empowered by provision of training and information to voluntarily choose their path to reintegration. The reintegration process shall be community based and benefit both returnees and local communities.
435. Reintegration efforts shall be designed to be sustainable over the long-term and include follow-up monitoring and continuing support measures as needed.
436. The reintegration program shall encourage the participation of the communities and civil society organizations with the view to strengthening their capacity to play their role in improving and sustaining the social and economic reintegration of former combatants.
437. The GOS shall provide adequate financial and logistical support to reintegrate former combatants and may seek to mobilize such support from the international community.
438. There shall be special resources mobilized and set aside to address the special reintegration needs of women, and these special resources shall be administered separately by a mechanism capable of effectively performing this function.
Institutions and Planning for Reintegration
439. The DSAIC or a subsidiary body established by the DSAIC shall develop a Reintegration Plan, which is closely linked to the plans for disarmament and demobilization of former combatants.
440. The Reintegration Plan shall address:
a. Objectives of the reintegration program as a component of the national strategic plan for reconciliation, reconstruction and development.
b. Program framework, mechanisms, timelines, and technical support for the reintegration processes.
c. The reintegration special needs specified below.
441. DSAIC or a subsidiary body established by it shall coordinate its efforts with the Darfur Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Fund and may seek support from international donors.
Reintegration Special Needs
442. The Reintegration Plan shall develop specific programs for former combatants under the age of 18; female former combatants; and disabled former combatants.
443. Specific programs shall be developed to address the particular reintegration needs of children, especially orphans of combatants.
444. UNICEF and other child protection organizations shall be called upon to support and assist in the identification, removal, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and armed groups.
445. Specific programs shall be developed to address the particular reintegration needs of women, especially widows of former combatants.
Reform of Selected Security Institutions
General Provisions
446. Reform shall include, but not be limited to, the following security institutions, particularly those that have expanded or changed composition or mandate during the conflict in Darfur:
a. The Popular Defense Forces;
b. The Border Guards;
c. The State (GOS) Police and its subsidiary departments including but not exclusive of:
d. The Popular Police;
e. The Nomadic Police.
447. Reform of selected security institutions shall be in accordance with the following:
a. Their size, capability and mandate shall be commensurate with the tasks to be performed by them and shall give special consideration to the needs of Darfur.
b. They shall be administered on the basis of impartiality and professionalism.
c. Their membership shall be based on merit and fitness without regard to ethnicity or political leanings, with fair representation from all groups.
d. They shall be subject to civil oversight and legal accountability.
e. They shall include women in all ranks and shall have specific sections to address the particular needs of women and children with respect to personal security and law enforcement.
f. Their members shall perform their duties in a manner designed to gain the confidence of all the communities that they serve and the people of Darfur.
Institutions and Planning for Reform
448. With a view to reducing lawlessness and strengthening the rule of law in Darfur, DSAIC shall review and make recommendations to the TDRA for each security institution.
449. The GOS, in coordination with the Movements, shall implement those recommendations approved by the TDRA.
Police Capacity Building
450. The GOS Police Force for the three states of Darfur shall be professional, impartial and representative of the communities of Darfur and operate in accordance with accepted (international) standards.
451. Within 60 days of the signature of this Agreement, the DSAIC shall initiate a comprehensive review of policing in Darfur, with the aim of making specific recommendations to the TDRA to improve the effectiveness and professionalism of the police, in particular their ability to respond to, take into account, and address the special needs of women.
452. The comprehensive review shall address police organizational structures, management, command and control, selection, recruitment, training, professional development, human rights issues, accountability and the relationship between police and communities. Recommendations from this review shall be submitted to the TDRA and State Governments for action.
Control of Civilian and Community Arms
453. As part of their commitment to a lasting and stable peace in Darfur, the Parties shall advance and continue long term efforts in the area of control of civilian and community arms. This shall be included as an item for consideration as part of the Darfur-Darfur Dialogue.
ARTICLE 31
Sequencing and Timelines
Sequencing and Timeline Guidelines
454. The correct sequencing of activities is essential to ensure mutual confidence building between the Parties.
455. Darfur communities have an important role in the integration and shall be consulted extensively.
456. The detailed plans developed by the DSAIC will provide the final sequencing and timelines to accomplish the programs outlined in this Agreement.
457. Phases and Timelines :
a. Phase IV (begins immediately upon completion of Phase III and is completed within two months)
b. Complete disarmament of the Janjaweed/armed militia.
c. Assembly of the Movements’ forces at the conclusion of the CFA Phase III.
d. Phase V (begins immediately upon completion of Phase IV and is completed within 16 months)
e. Integration of former combatants into SAF and GOS security institutions.
f. Reform of selected Darfur security institutions including the downsizing and reintegration of former members.
g. Initial recruitment and training of reformed GOS police forces to improve effectiveness and professionalism.
h. Initiation of disarmament, demobilization, and social and economic reintegration.
i. Phase VI (begins immediately upon completion of Phase V and is completed within 12 months)
j. Completion of social and economic reintegration of former combatants.
k. Completion of processes of reform of selected security institutions.
CHAPTER FOUR: Darfur-Darfur Dialogue and
Consultation
Definition
458. The Darfur-Darfur Dialogue and Consultation (DDDC) is a conference in which representatives of all Darfurian stakeholders can meet to discuss the challenges of restoring peace to their land, overcoming the divisions between communities, and resolving the existing problems to build a common future.
General Principles
459. Reflecting on the fact that a just and durable solution to the conflict in Darfur requires communal reconciliation above and beyond what is possible at the Inter-Sudanese Talks on the Darfur Conflict, convened in Abuja, and the resulting DPA, the DDDC provides a mechanism to connect the DPA to social and political issues in Darfur so that social mechanisms traditionally established to resolve conflicts can play their role in creating and sustaining social peace. The DDDC is an opportunity for the Movements to present their political agenda to the people of Darfur and thereby make an investment in peaceful political processes. Furthermore, the DDDC broadens the insufficient representation of Darfurians in Abuja, providing an opportunity for other parties to become part of the DPA.
460. The DDDC shall be organized pursuant to the Declaration of Principles of 5 July 2005. The DoP reads: “Agreements reached by the Parties shall be presented to the people of Darfur to secure their support through Darfur–Darfur dialogue and consultation.”
461. The DDDC shall serve as a mechanism for mobilizing support for the Darfur Peace Agreement (DPA) and implementing it, by :
a. Publicizing the Agreement and not to reopen it for further negotiation;
b. Deepening the Agreement by addressing challenges of local peace and reconciliation issues;
c. Discussing and building consensus on the main outstanding issues concerning the citizens of Darfur regarding the causes of conflict, insecurity, restoration of social fabric and a common future for all;
d. Providing a forum for the Parties to jointly address their responsibilities in implementing their commitments to the Abuja Peace Agreement; and
e. Bringing other stakeholders into the Darfur peace process with special consideration for active and visible participation by women and the youth.
462. The DDDC shall seek to mobilize support for the DPA and to secure mechanisms for implementing it among the people of Darfur through providing ownership of the peace agreement.
463. The DDDC shall lay the foundation for ongoing democratic participation/representation for the people of Darfur.
464. The Parties underscore that the DDDC is an integral part of the Abuja peace process. The Parties shall accord the DDDC due respect by ensuring its autonomy; they shall resist from using it as a means for pursuing short term political gains for political expediency. The Parties shall ensure that the DDDC is organized in a manner that preserves its integrity.
465. The DDDC shall serve as a consultative mechanism. Its decision-making powers shall be limited to specific areas laid down in the DPA. It shall consult and advise on a range of other issues not addressed in the DPA, seeking consensus among stakeholders.
466. The DDDC shall seek to be truly representative of all Darfurians irrespective of their political affiliation and thereby enjoy moral and political authority.
467. The Parties agree that women shall be effectively represented in all bodies and committees established in relation to the DDDC.
Mandate
468. The mandate of the DDDC is derived from the Declaration of Principles of 5 July 2005. It is also in conformity with the spirit of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement of 9 January 2005.
469. The DDDC is an advisory and facilitation mechanism.
470. The DDDC shall make recommendations and observations to the Darfur and national authorities, including community leaders.
471. The DDDC shall be convened under the auspices of the AU.
Preparatory Committee
472. Within 30 days of the signature of this Agreement, the African Union, in consultation with the Parties, shall establish a Preparatory Committee for the DDDC.
473. The Preparatory Committee shall not exceed 25 members. It shall consist of representatives of GoS, the SLM/A and the JEM, and representatives of civil society organizations and tribal leaders, and representatives of the African Union, the UN, European Union and the League of Arab States. The Preparatory Committee shall be chaired by the representative of the African Union.
474. The Preparatory Committee shall conduct an extensive consultation among a wide range of Darfurian stakeholders in appropriate phases. The process will facilitate the drawing up of a broad agenda. The Preparatory Committee shall make a recommendation for a Chairperson of the DDDC, who shall be appointed in consultation with the Parties, who shall be a prominent African personality.
Roles of the Parties
475. The Parties shall each nominate members of the Preparatory Committee, who shall play a role in the formulation of the agenda and have a role in selecting Chairs, Committee of Experts and the Secretariat. The Parties are obliged to strive for fair representation of women in their nominations.
476. The Parties shall nominate delegates to the DDDC, both as observers and participants as appropriate. Fair representation of women and youth is mandatory.
477. All parties have an important role in making sure that the DDDC has integrity and is not manipulated. They are obligated to cooperate and make the DDDC authentic.
Terms of Reference
478. The DDDC shall focus upon two areas, namely (1) political and (2) socio-economic and traditional. The DDDC shall have an organizing theme, “Building Peace and Reconciliation in Darfur.”
Political Function
479. The first function of the DDDC shall be to popularize the DPA and obtain support for it from all stakeholders in Darfur. This shall include discussing, understanding and disseminating the various component parts of the DPA.
480. In addition, specific articles within the DPA may provide the DDDC with the authority to consider or take action, when necessary, on particular issues. Such actions include:
a. Acting as a mechanism of last resort to break the deadlock on specific issues;
b. Establishing local mechanisms for conflict prevention and promotion of reconciliation.
481. The DDDC shall provide an early opportunity in which the Parties can present their vision to the people of Darfur in an open forum.
482. The DDDC may advise how best to implement specific elements within the DPA.
Social and Traditional Function
483. Community representatives shall be invited to take responsibility for inter-tribal reconciliation and community harmony in rebuilding society damaged by war.
484. Issues to be addressed by the DDDC shall include, inter alia:
Measures for popularizing and implementing the DPA;
Inter-communal and inter-tribal reconciliation;
Safe return of refugees and IDPs;
Land, water and natural resources, locations and regulation of nomadic migration routes;
Human security and socio-economic issues
Small arms control and the interim regulation of community defence groups pending final disarmament;
Ensuring that political differences are addressed through civil political processes and not through violence;
The status and powers of Native Administration;
Measures to preserve the multi-ethnic character of Darfur;
Measures to address the special issues of women.
485. In the event that these issues cannot be concluded in the time available, the DDDC may recommend that the Darfur State Assemblies (or Committees thereof) consider them, or that they are handled by peace and reconciliation entities to be established.
486. The DDDC shall seek to achieve consensus on all issues.
Committee of Experts
487. The Chairperson of the Preparatory Committee, in consultation with the Parties and international partners, shall establish a Committee of experts for the DDDC.
488. The members of the Committee of Experts shall consist principally of Sudanese experts and will also include as appropriate international experts. Special attention will be made to include conflict resolution and gender experts.
489. The Committee of Experts shall meet to contribute proposals for all aspects of the DDDC to the Preparatory Committee, and to the DDDC when it is in session.
Venue, Logistics and Funding
490. The Preparatory Committee shall, in consultation with the Parties, decide on the location for the DDDC and the preparatory consultations within Darfur.
491. Logistical support to the DDDC shall be organized on a tripartite basis between the GoS, the African Union and international partners including the UN.
492. Security for the DDDC shall be provided by the GoS in cooperation with AMIS.
493. The GoS shall contribute part of the cost of the DDDC. The Darfurian community shall be invited to contribute additional funds. The AU and its Member States as well as International partners shall be invited to contribute. Funds shall be held in a special trust fund established for the purpose.
Representation
494. Representation at the DDDC shall be decided by the Preparatory Committee according to the following guidelines.
495. The DDDC shall consist of approximately XX delegates in addition to observers.
496. XX delegates shall be selected on the basis of community and tribal representation. All tribes in Darfur shall be represented. This representation shall include recognized tribal leaders, representatives chosen by all localities including refugees and internally displaced persons. Special mechanisms shall be established to ensure that small tribes and non-Darfurians resident in Darfur are represented.
497. XX delegates shall be selected to represent other stakeholders, including political parties, civil society organizations, religious leaders, business leaders, members of the diaspora, trade unions and professionals.
498. Adequate and effective representation of women and youth shall be ensured.
499. Observers shall be drawn from other parts of Sudan, AU Mediation and Facilitators, League of Arab States and Organisation of the Islamic Conference, CENSAD, IGAD, UN and international community.
Chairpersons
500. For the political function of the DDDC, the Chairperson shall be a prominent African personality selected by the African Union, in consultation with the Parties.
501. For the social and traditional function of the DDDC, the Chairperson may designate a team of elders who shall serve as co-chairpersons on a rotating basis.
Secretariat
502. On the recommendation of the Preparatory Committee, the AU, the UN and other international partners, as appropriate, shall set up a Secretariat consisting of a group of technical experts and resource persons. The Secretariat shall initially serve the Preparatory Committee and Committee of Experts. During the DDDC itself, the Secretariat shall serve the Chairs.
503. International partners shall be invited to cooperate in supporting the Secretariat.
a. The Secretariat shall ask experts to prepare guidelines for the issues to be discussed.
b. The AU shall take responsibility for providing a briefing on the DPA and related issues.
c. The AU in conjunction with the Chairpersons will develop the agenda for discussion of these issues including identifying lead speakers.
504. The Secretariat shall have a communication strategy to ensure that information about the DDDC is widely disseminated and available within Darfur, other parts of Sudan, and internationally.
Outcomes
505. The outcome of the DDDC shall be referred to the relevant Darfur and national authorities.
506. The DDDC shall establish the Peace and Reconciliation Council as standing mechanism for peace and reconciliation in Darfur in accordance with the provisions of the DPA.
CHAPTER FIVE: GENERAL PROVISIONS
507. The Parties jointly appeal to the entire international community, including in particular the organizations and States involved in the negotiation of this Agreement, to affirm their full support for the Agreement, to participate fully in the activities described in the Agreement in the manner contemplated, and to help provide the resources and expertise necessary for the complete and successful implementation of the Agreement.
508. This Agreement shall be incorporated into the INC. For that purpose, the National Constitutional Review Commission shall, as a matter of priority, prepare a text in the constitutionally appropriate form for adoption in accordance with the procedures specified in the INC.
509. The Parties agree to settle any disagreement or dispute arising under this Agreement by peaceful means. The Parties further agree that in the event of a dispute concerning the interpretation or application of this Agreement, they shall refer the matter to the AU Commission.
510. This Agreement shall enter into force upon its signature by the Parties. Accordingly, the Parties shall take immediate steps to implement their obligations hereunder, including appropriate steps to give legal effect to the arrangements agreed herein. The Parties commit themselves to ensure that all of the institutions, bodies, commissions, committees and other entities under their control, including their members, shall observe the terms of this Agreement.
511. The Chairperson of the AU Commission shall register this Agreement with the Secretary General of the United Nations.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the duly authorized representatives of the Parties have signed this Agreement., in the presence of the witnesses hereunder.
DONE AT ABUJA, NIGERIA, this ……… day of ……., 2006 in three original texts in the Arabic, English, and French languages, each text being equally authentic.
FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE SUDAN (GOS)
…………. …………
…………. …………
FOR THE SUDAN LIBERATION FOR THE SUDAN LIBERATION
MOVEMENT/ARMY (SLM/A) MOVEMENT/ARMY (SLM/A)
…………… …………….
…………… ………….....
FOR THE JUSTICE AND EQUALITY MOVEMENT (JEM)
…………………………… …………………………..
WITNESSED BY
…………… ………………..
…………… ……………….
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Deng
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انستقرام
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