|
|
 Re: أي لغة كان يتحدثها المصـريون قبل الفتح الاسلامي!؟ (Re: هشام هباني)
|
What language did the ancient Egyptians speak?
Please don't say arabic because we know arabs didn't even come to Egypt until 638AD and they are not the ancient Egyptians.. So then what did the ancient Egyptians speak before arabic?
3 years ago
Report Abuse
Angeló Angeló
A Top Contributor is someone who is knowledgeable in a particular category.
Best Answer - Chosen by Asker
Egyptian is an Afro-Asiatic language most closely related to the Berber, Semitic, Somali and Beja languages. It survived until the 5th century AD in the form of Demotic and until the late 17th century AD in the form of Coptic. Written records of the Egyptian language have been dated from about 3200 BC, making it one of the oldest recorded languages known. The national language of modern day Egypt is Egyptian Arabic, which gradually replaced Coptic Egyptian as the language of daily life in the centuries after the Muslim conquest of Egypt. Coptic is still used as a liturgical language by the Coptic Church, and reportedly has a handful of native speakers today.
Scholars group the Egyptian language into 6 major chronological divisions:
Archaic Egyptian (before 2600 BC)
Old Egyptian (2600 BC – 2000 BC)
Middle Egyptian (2000 BC – 1300 BC)
Late Egyptian (1300 BC – 700 BC)
Demotic (7th century BC – 5th century AD)
Coptic (4th century AD – 17th century AD)
Egyptian writing in the form of label and signs has been dated to 3200 BC. These early texts are generally lumped together under the term "Archaic Egyptian."
In 1999, Archaeology Magazine reported that the earliest Egyptian Glyphs date back to 3400 BC which "...challenge the commonly held belief that early logographs, pictographic symbols representing a specific place, object, or quantity, first evolved into more complex phonetic symbols in Mesopotamia."
Old Egyptian was spoken for some 500 years from 2600 BC onwards. Middle Egyptian was spoken from about 2000 BC for a further 700 years when Late Egyptian made its appearance; Middle Egyptian did, however, survive until the first few centuries AD as a written language, similar to the use of Latin during the Middle Ages and that of Classical Arabic today. Demotic Egyptian first appears about 650 BC and survived as a spoken language until fifth century AD. Coptic Egyptian appeared in the fourth century AD and survived as a living language until the sixteenth century AD, when European scholars traveled to Egypt to learn it from native speakers during the Renaissance. It probably survived in the Egyptian countryside as a spoken language for several centuries after that. The Bohairic dialect of Coptic is still used by the Egyptian Christian Churches.
3rd-century Coptic inscription.Old, Middle, and Late Egyptian were all written using hieroglyphs and hieratic. Demotic was written using a script derived from hieratic; its appearance is vaguely similar to modern Arabic script and is also written from right to left (although the two are not related). Coptic is written using the Coptic alphabet, a modified form of the Greek alphabet with a number of symbols borrowed from Demotic for sounds that did not occur in Ancient Greek.
Arabic became the language of Egypt's political administration soon after the Arab conquest in the seventh century, and gradually replaced Coptic as the language spoken by the populace. Today, Coptic survives as the liturgical language of the Coptic Orthodox Church and the Coptic Catholic Church.
Most surviving texts in the Egyptian language are primarily written on stone in the hieroglyphic script. However, in antiquity, the majority of texts were written on perishable papyrus in hieratic and (later) demotic, which are now lost. There was also a form of cursive hieroglyphic script used for religious documents on papyrus, such as the Book of the Dead in the Ramesside Period; this script was simpler to write than the hieroglyphs in stone inscriptions, but was not as cursive as hieratic, lacking the wide use of ligatures. Additionally, there was a variety of stone-cut hieratic known as lapidary hieratic. In the language's final stage of development, the Coptic alphabet replaced the older writing system. The native name for Egyptian hieroglyphic writing is sẖ3 n mdw nṯr or "writing of the words of god." Hieroglyphs are employed in two ways in Egyptian texts: as ideograms that represent the idea depicted by the pictures; and more commonly as phonograms denoting their phonetic value.
قريبي ودهباني سلام كتير ... يا أخي لقيت بعض المعلومات في (قوقل) يمكن أن تسهم في الإجابة على سؤالك ...
تحيات أخوك ودهارون
|
|
 
|
|
|
|
|
| العنوان |
الكاتب |
Date |
| أي لغة كان يتحدثها المصـريون قبل الفتح الاسلامي!؟ | هشام هباني | 06-09-11, 02:51 PM |
| Re: أي لغة كان يتحدثها المصـريون قبل الفتح الاسلامي!؟ | هشام هباني | 06-09-11, 02:58 PM |
| Re: أي لغة كان يتحدثها المصـريون قبل الفتح الاسلامي!؟ | هشام هباني | 06-09-11, 03:19 PM |
| Re: أي لغة كان يتحدثها المصـريون قبل الفتح الاسلامي!؟ | هشام هباني | 06-09-11, 03:25 PM |
| Re: أي لغة كان يتحدثها المصـريون قبل الفتح الاسلامي!؟ | هشام هباني | 06-09-11, 03:28 PM |
| Re: أي لغة كان يتحدثها المصـريون قبل الفتح الاسلامي!؟ | سيف النصر محي الدين | 06-09-11, 04:16 PM |
 Re: أي لغة كان يتحدثها المصـريون قبل الفتح الاسلامي!؟ | munswor almophtah | 06-09-11, 04:28 PM |
| Re: أي لغة كان يتحدثها المصـريون قبل الفتح الاسلامي!؟ | هشام هباني | 06-11-11, 01:58 PM |
| Re: أي لغة كان يتحدثها المصـريون قبل الفتح الاسلامي!؟ | هشام هباني | 06-10-11, 06:05 AM |
| Re: أي لغة كان يتحدثها المصـريون قبل الفتح الاسلامي!؟ | Mohammed Haroun | 06-09-11, 04:37 PM |
| Re: أي لغة كان يتحدثها المصـريون قبل الفتح الاسلامي!؟ | صابر عابدين | 06-09-11, 07:16 PM |
|
| |
Mohammed Haroun
فيس بوك
تويتر
انستقرام
يوتيوب
بنتيريست