|
|
 Re: الفولاني.. وناس السودان (Re: Abdel Aati)
|
The Kadalo Socio-Economic
Farming.
Income Generating Activities.
The Farming:
The Kadalo area receives rainfall in the range of 400 to 500mm, the rainy
season from May to October are occupied promising land of cotton soil and
heavy sandy loam the crops production remain poor, that refer the following
facts:
1\ Farmlands possession is very small usually are in the of 6-8 feddans,
the cultivation tools that the Kadalo work with reduce the farmer ability to
till his weedy farm in the spesfic time that requered for the hole
cultivation operation throughout the rainy season, e.g. the farmer use the
Muntubab tool (small iron hose connected the piece of wood it's length about
50cm) the farmer work with it while he is sitting and moving (see the Kadalo
farming tools in the Appendix 2-5)
2\ The pest attacks, specially the birds which cause big damage during the
harvesting times.
3\ The Kadalo farmer beliefs that if he work in his farm on Monday or
Friday will face problem such as snake bite or so, according them this the
Kojur order. therefore they ignore their farms on the mentioned days, often
this ignorance continue for many days if there is heavy rain, which is lead
to the production failure by the end of the day.
on the top of the mentioned facts, in general the Kadalo are not intensive
agriculture workers, specially the men whom prefer to work in group and not
individually.
The Farming System:
The Kadalo recognize 2 types of farmland. Which is refer to the
responsibility and the varieties which is grown on each and they share this
system with Gumuz, al Foung and the Nuba.
1\ House farm: they call it Jubraka within the village and attached to every
one house, basically it is cultivated by the varieties that grow quickly and
cover the daily needs, such as sorghum short term maize okra. Normally it's
area not extending 2 feddan. The Jubraka is under the direct responsibility
of the women and junior members of the family, the family members work hard
and concentrate their efforts to come out with a good stuff to cover and
break the food gap which is occurred every year from July to September.
Table (1) shows the varieties cultivated in the Jubraka and it's harvesting
times
2\ Main famrms: al Bildat it is runes completely by men. Mainly cultivated
by sorghum long term and sesame the only cash crop which is cultivated by
the Kadalo farmer. the cultivation for subsistence each farmer cultivates
less than 10 feddan and the production is not sustain them more than 5
months after the main harvest ( see the Kadalo agricultural and consuming
calendar in the Appendix 3-5).
The Food Gap:
Annually the Kadalo area witnesses sever shortage of food causes several
deaths among the community, from July to September that due to the
production failure. The major survival mechanism to cop with food gap is the
wild fruits and roots collection, some roots naturally toxicant, it has to
be boiled for three days to be consumable. Table (2) shows the wild fruits
and roots used as a food reserve and their preparation ways.
Gender division of Labor:
The Kadalo women's are the active participant on the cultivation process,
they are involve in planting, weeding, harvesting including carrying the
products from the main farms to the houses. women usually spend half of
their time on the farms and they devote all their energy time if the husband
emigrate looking for work in the semi-mechanized agricultural schemes that
invades the Kadalo traditional land. The emigration of the male looking for
direct income to support his family to survive the food gap period but heavy
burden on the women shoulders and affect the farms production, which leads
to the food shortage cycle in the area.
Controlling Resources:
One of the main problems facing the Kadalo society is how to manage control
their resources. Men whom they under taking the main farms al Bildat which
include the only cash crop product never let wife co-wives benefit the out
come income of it and prefers to spend the money for their own pleasure, new
wives which means additional labor force. The only available solution for
the women's cover their basic needs is to make Marissa for sale which on the
other hand reduces the family crops stock. The households headed by women
get poor yields due to the lack of labor force, beside the intensive
land-use lead to the production failure within this category, the land
preparation al Kabur (the woods cutting ) to shift the land this task needs
an intensive work that beyond the abilities of the women's headed house
holds.
|
|
 
|
|
|
|
Abdel Aati
فيس بوك
تويتر
انستقرام
يوتيوب
بنتيريست