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 Re: مارتن لوثر كنج جونير( مناضل في الخاطر).. (Re: aba)
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AGA'S RECOLLECTIONS.
DESCRIPTION OF THE VALLEY OF TEGLA, AND
ITS INHABITANTS.
SURROUNDED by some beautiful mountain scenery, and situated between Durfur and Abyssinia, is a small valley going under the denomination of Tegla, or Tegeley. To this valley I stretch forth my affections, giving it the endearing appellation of my native home and father land. It was there that I was born; 'twas there that I received the fond looks of a loving mother; and it was there that I set my feet for the first time upon a world full of cares, trials, difficulties, and dangers. I cannot give the exact limits of the valley of Tegla. There were, however, three Chiefs who exercised power over its inhabitants. Mehemet Chammaroo (under whose government my father was) ruled the centre; while two other princes had the sway, one on each side. Like many of the regions bordering on the equator, the valley of Tegla is exposed to the excessive heat of the burning sun. Its seasons, properly speaking, can only be divided into two parts--the rainy and the dry season. In the rainy season
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agriculture is carried on by the farmer on a very small scale--the only substitute for a plough being a long pole, with something similar to a shovel attached to the end of it. With this instrument the surface of the ground is broken, after which the seed (consisting of Indian corn and maize) is sown in small quantities at certain distances from each other. After it has grown a certain length, part of it is transplanted into different fields, thus giving the crop full scope and encouragement to grow. When the corn begins to change colour, the rainy season declines, till at length the refulgent rays of the sun perceive the inhabitant of the vale preparing to reap his harvest. The rain is over, the dry season is on; many begin to reap the fruits of their labour.*
* How wisely has Providence ordered all things. The inhabitants of Egypt have no rain, and yet the river Nile has its yearly inundations. The rainy season in the valley of Tegla, and its neighbouring countries forms tributaries to the Nile; makes it overflow its banks; spreads fertility through the muddy soil of the country; and supplies its dependant natives with the necessaries of life.
My juvenile recollections did not bring the nature of the implements used for shearing. The shearers are not formed of a number of mercenaries, who expect to pocket shillings and half-crowns at the end of their period of labour; but such is the social nature of the people among themselves, that they exchange services with each other. A large concourse of them assemble
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in the harvest field; and, in a very short time, the harvest is taken in. The day of shearing is generally ended with dancing, of which amusement they are very fond. The reader, perhaps, will inquire what sort of drink these dancers use? His mind will very likely answer, Jamaica rum, French brandy, or Irish whisky. But no; water is their chief drink. They have a thick intoxicating liquor, which they make from the Indian corn; but such a luxury is only used on extraordinary occasions. After all their harvest festivities are over, they give themselves up to all the indolent habits prevalent in these eastern countries; and lounge in their booths until the appearance of the skies proclaim the distant approach of the rainy season.
Widely different is the dry season, when compared with the rainy. In the dry season the inhabitant of the vale employs his time with various pursuits;*
* Building, hunting, travelling, and warfare, generally in this season. Every grown up man is a warrior.
in the rainy, nothing but agriculture occupies his attention. In the dry season he has to dig wells to supply his household with water; in the rainy, he has only to go to the rivulets for that supply. The dry season carries off all traces of water; scorches all the grass and green trees; occasions deep chasms in the earth; and leaves the poor native nothing to depend upon but his industry in the rainy season. Indian corn, maize, and a flock of goats are generally
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all his treasure. Money is not valued. The valley of Tegla boasts of no cows, although many are kept in its vicinity. Prince Chammaroo's dominions had only three wells. The different districts regularly awaited their turn in receiving a supply of water. The religion is Paganism, mixed with several Mahommedan rites, such as the shaving of their #########, circumcision, and fasting; but their chief attention is attracted to the sun, the moon, and stars.
About a month after the ceremony of circumcision, a number of young men convene at the house where the rite had been performed, and sally from thence through the country on hunting excursions. Everything falls a prey to the hunter's knife and spear; and on these occasions the poultry-yard suffers most, while the poor owners are mere lookers on at these depredations, it being deemed sacred to interfere with the behaviour of these young men. Fasting is also very strictly observed by the devotee, one month in the year being alloted for that purpose. Before daybreak, he rises and eats, and never again tastes anything, until the evening stars declare the shades of night, when he breaks his fast and retires to rest. The houses in the valley of Tegla are built in a style peculiar to themselves. Every room is built about ten or twenty yards from eaeh other, of a round form, with thatch roofs. The under part of the rooms are built of stones and mud; the roofs are thatched with the maize and Indian corn canes. Four or five rooms
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form a respectable dwelling, the whole of which are enclosed by a wall about five feet high, thus leaving an open square in the centre. In the great heat of the dry season, this square is used by the indwellers for sleeping apartments, where they all lie down on the floor, and cover themselves with a large white sheet. If disturbed by any wild beasts during the night, they betake themselves to the inner rooms. My father's house consisted of two bedrooms, a kitchen, a mill room, and a goat room, or fold. Goats' milk is considered a very wholesome commodity; it has a pleasing sweet taste, which attracts the palate to it, and is said to possess a certain virtue in medicinal qualities. The junior male members of the family are employed in taking care of the flock. When a number of them are going in the same direction they mix their flocks together, and each in his turn mutually takes care of the whole flock till evening, when, by a cry peculiar to each goat-herd, his flock separates from the rest, and follows him. He then takes them home, gets them milked, and secures them in the fold. Those which are great favourites are generally taken into the sleeping apartments. The milk must not be allowed to stand till the middle of next day, else it would get quite sour. In order to prevent this catastrophe they either drink it or make butter of it. Their mode of churning is as follows:--
The gourd or calabash, which grows plentifully in these districts, is a plant something similar to
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a melon plant. It's fruit is like a melon, but the inside is bitter. The gourd melons grow to different sizes, so that the natives make dishes and plates out of them, by cutting them into halves. The churn, however, requires a whole melon, and one of the largest is taken for that purpose. After a part of the pith is taken out, it is filled with water, and permitted to stand till the inside is quite rotten. It is then cleaned out, secured into a rope basket, suspended to the roof of one of the rooms, so as it can be reached by a person standing, and there it serves as a churn,--the dairymaid's work being to put the milk into it, and work it to and fro with her hands. No cream is extracted.
The butter is generally used for rubbing their skins; and very little clothing being used, many of them could be seen standing out in the sun like a number of polished statues. After washing themselves with water, they never think that they are complete till they rub some butter on their skins. The dress among the higher classes is a long wide gown, reaching to the ancles, and wide open sleeves, so as not to confine the wearer too much, and sandals on their feet. The lower classes, again, have a long wide plaid, which they tie round their body, and over one of their shoulders, leaving the other quite free; while in length it only reaches to the knees. This forms all their variety of dress.
Their food is entirely confined to the Indian corn, served up in different ways. They seldom
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kill their goats for butcher meat, having a great desire to preserve a large stock.
Having given a short account of the customs of my native country, I shall now relate my own history.
SELF-HISTORY.--YOUTH AND PREMATURE
SLAVERY.
YOUTH is the period in which true happiness is enjoyed. It is the time when all trials and difficulties seem to lie in oblivion; and it is then that all principles can be instilled into the tender mind. The mind in youth is not prejudiced, builds many castles in the air although without any symptoms of ambition, is pleased and always desires to please. It is like the shoot of a tender flower ere its leaves expand. It is the germ on which strong propensities and sentiments are framed. It is in youth that the stronger faculties of the artist, the genius, and the mechanic are pictured. None of these propensities, however, were predominant in my mind while home was my residence. Being the oldest of the boys, my pride was raised to no small degree when I beheld my father preparing a farm for me. This event filled my mind with the grand anticipation of leaving the goats to my brother, who was then beginning to work a little. While my father was making these preparations, I had the constant charge of the goats; and being accompanied by two other boys who resided near
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| العنوان |
الكاتب |
Date |
| مارتن لوثر كنج جونير( مناضل في الخاطر).. | aba | 08-22-03, 07:09 PM |
| Re: مارتن لوثر كنج جونير( مناضل في الخاطر).. | aba | 08-22-03, 07:37 PM |
 Re: مارتن لوثر كنج جونير( مناضل في الخاطر).. | Tanash | 08-22-03, 08:43 PM |
| Re: مارتن لوثر كنج جونير( مناضل في الخاطر).. | Deng | 08-22-03, 10:01 PM |
| Re: مارتن لوثر كنج جونير, مناضل في الخاطر).. | aba | 08-22-03, 10:04 PM |
| Re: مارتن لوثر كنج جونير( مناضل في الخاطر).. | Deng | 08-22-03, 10:23 PM |
| Re: مارتن لوثر كنج جونير( مناضل في الخاطر).. | Tanash | 08-23-03, 12:15 PM |
| Re: مارتن لوثر كنج جونير( مناضل في الخاطر).. | Raja | 08-23-03, 12:51 PM |
 Re: مارتن لوثر كنج جونير( مناضل في الخاطر).. | aba | 08-23-03, 01:06 PM |
| Re: مارتن لوثر كنج جونير( مناضل في الخاطر).. | Deng | 08-23-03, 05:48 PM |
| Re: مارتن لوثر كنج جونير( مناضل في الخاطر).. | Modic | 08-23-03, 06:06 PM |
| Re: مارتن لوثر كنج جونير( مناضل في الخاطر).. | Abdel Aati | 08-23-03, 06:35 PM |
| Re: مارتن لوثر كنج جونير( مناضل في الخاطر).. | Abdel Aati | 08-23-03, 06:44 PM |
| Re: مارتن لوثر كنج جونير( مناضل في الخاطر).. | Abdel Aati | 08-23-03, 07:06 PM |
| Re: مارتن لوثر كنج جونير( مناضل في الخاطر).. | Abdel Aati | 08-23-03, 07:17 PM |
 Re: مارتن لوثر كنج جونير( مناضل في الخاطر).. | Tanash | 08-23-03, 07:55 PM |
 Re: مارتن لوثر كنج جونير( مناضل في الخاطر).. | TahaElham | 08-23-03, 08:00 PM |
| Re: مارتن لوثر كنج جونير( مناضل في الخاطر).. | Abdel Aati | 08-23-03, 08:16 PM |
| Re: مارتن لوثر كنج جونير( مناضل في الخاطر).. | aba | 08-23-03, 09:00 PM |
| Re: مارتن لوثر كنج جونير( مناضل في الخاطر).. | Abdel Aati | 08-23-03, 10:09 PM |
| Re: مارتن لوثر كنج جونير( مناضل في الخاطر).. | Abdel Aati | 08-23-03, 10:21 PM |
| Re: مارتن لوثر كنج جونير( مناضل في الخاطر).. | aba | 08-23-03, 10:47 PM |
| Re: مارتن لوثر كنج جونير( مناضل في الخاطر).. | Tanash | 08-24-03, 07:30 PM |
| Re: مارتن لوثر كنج جونير( مناضل في الخاطر).. | Tanash | 08-24-03, 10:08 PM |
| Re: مارتن لوثر كنج جونير( مناضل في الخاطر).. | Tanash | 08-24-03, 10:19 PM |
| Re: مارتن لوثر كنج جونير( مناضل في الخاطر).. | aba | 08-24-03, 11:05 PM |
| Re: مارتن لوثر كنج جونير( مناضل في الخاطر).. | Tanash | 08-25-03, 01:37 PM |
| Re: مارتن لوثر كنج جونير( مناضل في الخاطر).. | Abdel Aati | 08-25-03, 08:20 PM |
| Re: مارتن لوثر كنج جونير( مناضل في الخاطر).. | Tanash | 08-26-03, 05:17 PM |
| Re: مارتن لوثر كنج جونير( مناضل في الخاطر).. | aba | 08-26-03, 07:00 PM |
| Re: مارتن لوثر كنج جونير( مناضل في الخاطر).. | Abdel Aati | 08-26-03, 09:05 PM |
| Re: مارتن لوثر كنج جونير( مناضل في الخاطر).. | Abdel Aati | 08-26-03, 09:00 PM |
| Re: مارتن لوثر كنج جونير( مناضل في الخاطر).. | Tanash | 08-27-03, 12:58 PM |
| Re: مارتن لوثر كنج جونير( مناضل في الخاطر).. | aba | 08-27-03, 01:41 PM |
| Re: مارتن لوثر كنج جونير( مناضل في الخاطر).. | aba | 08-27-03, 01:42 PM |
| Re: مارتن لوثر كنج جونير( مناضل في الخاطر).. | aba | 08-27-03, 01:44 PM |
| Re: مارتن لوثر كنج جونير( مناضل في الخاطر).. | aba | 08-27-03, 01:45 PM |
| Re: مارتن لوثر كنج جونير( مناضل في الخاطر).. | aba | 08-27-03, 01:47 PM |
| Re: مارتن لوثر كنج جونير( مناضل في الخاطر).. | aba | 08-27-03, 01:48 PM |
| Re: مارتن لوثر كنج جونير( مناضل في الخاطر).. | aba | 08-27-03, 01:56 PM |
| Re: مارتن لوثر كنج جونير( مناضل في الخاطر).. | aba | 08-27-03, 03:17 PM |
| Re: مارتن لوثر كنج جونير( مناضل في الخاطر).. | aba | 08-27-03, 03:23 PM |
| مجموعة الدراسات السودانية - الافريقية | Abdel Aati | 08-27-03, 03:48 PM |
| Re: مجموعة الدراسات السودانية - الافريقية | aba | 08-27-03, 04:06 PM |
| Re: مجموعة الدراسات السودانية - الافريقية | Abdel Aati | 08-27-03, 06:38 PM |
| Re: مجموعة الدراسات السودانية - الافريقية | Tanash | 08-27-03, 07:12 PM |
| Re: مجموعة الدراسات السودانية - الافريقية | Abdel Aati | 08-27-03, 08:40 PM |
| Re: مجموعة الدراسات السودانية - الافريقية | aba | 08-27-03, 08:58 PM |
| Re: مجموعة الدراسات السودانية - الافريقية | Tanash | 08-28-03, 11:24 AM |
| Re: مجموعة الدراسات السودانية - الافريقية | Tanash | 08-28-03, 11:43 AM |
| Re: مجموعة الدراسات السودانية - الافريقية | aba | 08-28-03, 12:22 PM |
| Re: مجموعة الدراسات السودانية - الافريقية | aba | 08-31-03, 00:27 AM |
 Re: مارتن لوثر كنج جونير( مناضل في الخاطر).. | Yasir Elsharif | 08-28-03, 01:20 PM |
| Re: مارتن لوثر كنج جونير( مناضل في الخاطر).. | aba | 08-28-03, 04:31 PM |
| Re: مارتن لوثر كنج جونير( مناضل في الخاطر).. | Rawia | 08-28-03, 04:45 PM |
| Re: مارتن لوثر كنج جونير( مناضل في الخاطر).. | Raja | 08-30-03, 01:55 PM |
| Re: مارتن لوثر كنج جونير( مناضل في الخاطر).. | Abdel Aati | 08-30-03, 07:34 PM |
| Re: مارتن لوثر كنج جونير( مناضل في الخاطر).. | Tanash | 08-30-03, 08:48 PM |
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