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نص مذكرة حزب الأمة لمجلس الأمن 3 يونيو2008
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Memorandum to the UN Security Council Special Session in Khartoum 3rd June 2008
Respectable International Statesmen
The Umma Party (UP) welcomes your extraordinary concern for Peace, Democratisation, and Stability in Sudan. The root causes of present troubles are like many "Third World" countries suffered from: Civil strife, economic underdevelopment, national imbalances, the problems of modernisation and identity, power struggles, and so on. The three agreements, the CPA, the DPA, and the EPA and other minor agreements are attempts to resolve Sudan's problems and hopefully build comprehensive and just peace, and effect democratic transformation. Those agreements failed to reach their targets: 1. The CPA was reached after a marathon effort by the GOS and SPLM. It contained a large element of expatriate participation and received massive internal and International blessings. Umma Party supported the agreement especially the gains for the South. But we maintained the position that; the agreement is necessary but not sufficient, and in order to achieve a comprehensive and just peace and genuine democratic transformation, we said that the Agreement contained certain contradictions which should be ironed out, that many of its items were ambivalent and need to be further elucidated, that some important causes of conflict have not been addressed, and finally that to give it legitimacy and national acceptability it should be endorsed by a national all party forum. After three plus years, there are many reasons why the CPA is in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The following reasons are most relevant to explain the present crisis: • The settlement was conceived in bipartisan terms, which confirmed for each party that the national interest is co terminus with their partisan interest. • Wealth sharing was confined to revenue sharing between the two parties, without any directive as to how it is spent in terms of the national development interest. • In the security protocol, all other armed groups were forced to join either SAF or SPLA without their consent. This was unrealistic. • The agreement was described as comprehensive at a time where there were other active war fronts. Power and wealth were divided by two leaving no room for any further deals. • Historic controversial fault lines were considered the sole responsibility of the two parties without reference to the local population or to other national stake holders. For example, the ABC report. In reality Abyei issue will not be resolved, even if the two signatories to the Abyei protocol continue in agreement, so long as the other national stake holders and the local inhabitant are not seriously involved. • To make things worse, the main international mediator, USA, makes lip service support for the agreement, and proceeds to weaken the agreement by supporting one side in the agreement and seeking to destabilize the other side. • The fact that gains were directly the result of military protest without a mechanism to legitimise the gains convinced the beneficences to keep and enhance their military powers to the determent of civilian and developmental targets. • Finally, the CPA laid a precedent for wealth and power gains, and blocked avenues for any further analogous settlements.
2. The DPA was born dead • In procedural terms; DPA was planned to be signed by the GoS and the two armed parties, it was ultimately and after unwarranted pressure signed by GoS and half of an armed party. • DPA has three main weaknesses: • Failed to restore some benefits for Darfur in the status quo ceuo ante June 1989, namely, the one region, the distribution and ownership of the traditional land tenure, the representation of Darfur in the Presidency, and the 1956 regional boundaries of Darfur. • Failed to resolve the legitimate demands of the IDPs and the refugees in terms of individual and collective compensation, secure their repatriation to their villages without addressing the security challenges from the very elements which caused the displacement. • Failed to offer gains in terms of wealth and power consistent with the CPA precedent (according to the population percentage). • Such drawbacks allowed the groups which refused to sign the DPA to capitalise on these drawbacks, and create a wide based constituency of rejection. Therefore, since the DPA was signed on May 2006; things in terms of security, humanitarian relief, and cross boarder conflicts have deteriorated markedly. • International keenness to introduce UNAMID to Darfur led to uncritical support for DPA. Unless there is an updated and universal cease fire agreement, the UNAMID will be a sitting duck for attacks. There will be no peace for them to keep. The fact that the peace process has come to a dead end, would open the windows for all types of adventurism.
3. Instead of finding a break through for Darfur, authorities in Khartoum sought to besiege the armed groups by spreading their wings westwards to Chad. Some regional and international elements support the status quo in Chad. This set the stage for the events of 10th May 2008 that took place in Omdurman and else where. Unless the Darfur crisis is resolved, such scenarios will be repeated endlessly spreading chaos within the Sudan and in the neighbourhood.
4. The Eastern front agreement reflects most of the drawbacks of the DPA. Its signatories represent the groups which were operating from Eritrea. Other political groups were excluded. Therefore, there are numerous reservations to the agreement.
5. On the basis of this diagnosis, it is necessary to espouse a strategy of a comprehensive and just peace, robust democratic transformation, reached by an all-party national forum. That forum has basically to discuss and agree upon a four points national agenda, namely: • To confirm the basic gains of the South, to deal with the CPA draw backs, and to involve all stake holders in its support. • To resolve to respond positively to the legitimate demands of the people of Darfur. • To guarantee Human Rights and basic freedoms and implement the necessary legislation. • To run free and fair and internally and internationally observed elections. This forum should be convened in Sudan within 3 months. It should be all inclusive. It should be preceded by the all Darfurian conference, to act as a feeder conduit to the National Forum on the issue of Darfur. The National forum should discuss and endorse this national agenda, and decide upon the means of implementing the national agenda.
6. What do we require of the international community? A. To take stock of the CPA, DPA, and Eastern Front agreements and engage in a serious self-criticism about the roles of the three parties to the agreements, namely; the Sudanese signatories, the regional, and the international mediators. B. To reach a realistic diagnosis of the situation in Sudan. C. To support the Sudanese National Agenda putting the horse before the cart. D. To help the Sudanese help themselves in terms of a comprehensive just peace, and democratic transformation. Finally, any attempts to resolve the present problems which eschews the national, comprehensive, and radical approach and tries to pump blood into the present agreements without resolving their drawbacks is a waste of time, and worst, is perpetuating tensions which will drive the country down the abyss.
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