العبار بريمة بلل، هل أنت أستعنت بمعلومات في كتابك الأخير دون الإشارة للمصدر؟

Quote: MONITOR IS A BARMAKY : Monitor is a medium-sized savannah lizard; it is called by Baggara by its Arabic name, waral. The species scientifically known as savannah monitor Varanus exanthematicus. Monitor lizards are found in sub-Saharan savannah region; its range extends throughout sub-Saharan Africa from Senegal east to Sudan and south almost to the Congo River and Rift Valley, where they are replaced by Varanus. albigularis. V. exanthematicus is primarily a ground-dwelling species that shelters in burrows, although it is sometimes found in bushes or low trees (Wikipedia 2015). Savannah monitor are known for their feeding habits of eating arthropods such as scorpions, crickets, locusts, mollusks, and amphibians. The species is heavily hunted for its leather, which is used in Sudan and elsewhere for making a beautiful type of shoes. It is also hunted for trade as live animals. Baramka have a different take on the lizard. The legend has it that, “Once upon time, Baramka gathered under a tree, drunk tea, and threw its leaves. The monitor came about and found the leaves, and he ate them. The Baramka watched the scene and decided that the monitor was one of their members”. Although the story seems mythological, however, it resonates well throughout Baggara communities in sub-Sahara Africa that the monitor is one of the Baramka members, and hence the Baramka dwarf those who hunt, kill or eat the monitors; especially Baramka consider their anti-group – the Kamakla as monitor’s eaters. The following is a long story, it is a pseudo-poem or a tale talking about a Kamkaly person – one of Kamakla group, found a monitor lizard and chased it down into a water pool and killed it. He took it out of the water, hanged it on a tree branch and skinned it. Then he barbequed the monitor and ate it. His stomach ached, he ran to his wife to find something to help him digest, and along the way ran into school boys; they joked about him. He chased them into thickets and torn his cloth. The hurafa told the school boys not have mercy on the Kamkaly including his wealth free to grab. This is a classic example how the Baramka satirically joke about kamakla group. Here is how the narrative goes: “Hurafa gathered under a tree, enjoyed tea, threw it’s leaves. A barmaky monitor, a lion of wilderness, found them, turned them up, down, up, down, finally ate ‘em. A bloody Kamkaly, who never prayed, came about, when the harif saw him, disliked him, knew he would kill him, and ran into a water pool. and there it hid. The kamkaly chased it down, chased it, chased it, here it’s footsteps, there it’s footprints, till reached the water pool. the kamakaly threw off his cloth, #####: he stayed, jumped into the water, found it under a root, caught it, slaughtered it with a large rusty flat knife, hanged it on a tree branch, skinned it, got out a fat piece known as ajaja, made a barbeque of it, ate it, he felt sleepy, went under a large Boabab tree, used his cloth as billow, tried to sleep, tried, and tried but couldn’t. his stomach ached, and felt vomiting, ran to his wife, along the way ran into school kids, among them a harif, a clean and friendly one, looked like school master except he was young, the friendly kid said: oh God where was the harif monitor! I smelled a smell, I afraid it was a monitor, the kamkaly chased him, chased him, the kid ran into thickets, the kamkaly came out, from the thickets with torn apart cloth, he went to his wife with torn cloth, asked her for sour tamarinds puree, slurped it, then felt a breeze of air, he said to his wife: school kids were #######s, sons of a bitch, if someone ate something, why not they leave him alone, digest and thank his God؟ why make it an issue for him to eat a monitor؟ hurafa said to school kids: you kids: do not have mercy on kamkaly, his wealth free to take, and if you grabbed it by force from him, it is a bounty and grace from God”. It is tempting to belief that Baramka witnessed the monitor eating tea leaves, and hence given it a status of Baramky. The fact is, savannah monitors were not known for eating trees leaves. Diemer (2015) cited Steele (1996) and Bennett (1999) saying, “In the wild, the diet of adult V. exanthematicus consists of small mammals, birds, snakes, toads, lizards, and eggs (Steele 1996). Other source contradict this finding and say that there is no proof that V. exanthematicus eat any type of vertebrate (Bennett 1999). Many adults also consume large quantities of snails.” Hence monitors are consider insectivores and most likely carnivores but it is unlikely that they are herbivores. Once can find solace for the Baramka in Steele (1996) description for monitors during feeding, when he said, “[monitors] use their tongue to sense their environment when they are out during the day. They flick their tongue an average of 20 to 40 every two minutes. After they have attacked and bitten prey the tongue flicking rises to as many as 160 flicks every two minutes. This helps the animal to find the injured and escaping prey”. Thus such tongue flicking to sense the tea leaves, may well construed by Baramka as feeding on tea leaves. Furthermore, Baramka contradicted their own tea traditions when registered the monitor as Barmaky when ate tea leaves, while decried the Kamkaly person for eating tea leaves. Cunnison (1967) documented the following satirical poem by Baramka insulting a Kamkaly for eating tea leaves: The Kamkary's neck is thick and grey, The buttocks of his wife are big and fat, The Kamkary found the Baramka's tea-leaves on the ground, and he took and filled his dish with them. It is clearly a conundrum that Baramka cannot justify why the monitor praised for eating tea leaves, while the kamkaly ridiculed for eating the tea leaves. But, well, who cares other than the Baramka themselves whether the monitor is tea lover while the Kamkaly is a tea thug or vice-versa! However, the traditions of assigning the monitor a Barmaky status is well-intentioned. Monitors across sub-Saharan Africa are in the good hands of Baramka tea traditionalists saving them from existential threads by hunters thanks to the great Baramka tea traditions. It would have been a disaster if the Baramka – God forbid - labelled the monitors as tea thugs, monitors would have been vanished for mere coincidence of their habitats with Baggara zones.

(عدل بواسطة بريمة محمد on 09-05-2015, 00:03 AM)
(عدل بواسطة بريمة محمد on 09-05-2015, 00:04 AM)
(عدل بواسطة بريمة محمد on 09-05-2015, 00:07 AM)
(عدل بواسطة بريمة محمد on 09-05-2015, 00:14 AM)