العبار بريمة بلل، هل أنت أستعنت بمعلومات في كتابك الأخير دون الإشارة للمصدر؟

Quote: In a midsummer day, Baggara tend to limit their activities. The sun heat is a menace. The whole Africa continent turns into a vast glowing furnace - raging with heat and dust storms. Animals - such as goats, sheep and cows tightly pack under shade trees and are only able to graze either early morning or late evening. Lizards could run as fast as possible from their hiding places to climb nearby barely shaded trees. Creepers – such as chameleons, hedgehogs and turtles impatiently navigate their way as quickly as possible to nearby potholes. Crickets chirp loudly and feverishly from suffocating heat. Bees buzz continuously in their honey-wells to create a breeze for their queens and themselves. Nothing could sit on the rest except hibernating frogs, fish and reptiles; these animals bury themselves deep in clay soil before summer or encase themselves in cocoons to protect them from heat. Trees stand #####ly off their leaves; they had shed them off long time before summer toll and had taken their necessary protection – encasing themselves in thick wax layer to reduce their transpiration. Wind barely blows to create a breeze. Nothing could move around, they all stand still to lower their body temperature. Summer is an eco-eclipse in Africa. Is it the hellish hell on earth! Surely, it is a nature curse! Sweat pours from human bodies from top to toes. The weather has extremely low humidity, while unusually high temperature. Yet, Baggara are well adapted to such Africa summer harshness; they use animals and insects sound to retreat to shade or to go about their normal life. When crickets chirp feverishly, Baggara order their kids to stay under shade trees. Baggara during summer, dig up wells to water their animals; also, they incline to eat less greasy foods and tend not to sell their animals at this time of the year, where animals are crumbling and weak. Nothing resembles summer season in Africa in harshness; probably, except winter in northern North America, where trees shed off their leaves, bears enter in hibernation, Appalachian storms throw powdery snow dust or hurricane overwhelms regions with snowstorms: roads clotted in large snow piles and people cloaked in heavy winter clothing. As early dawn in Africa, sound of snow scrappers shoveling, roaring of salt-and-sand dispensers cleaning roads, whistling of wind on windows or echoing on mountains’ tops are some ensembles of North America’s winter weather calamities. Notwithstanding the differing feelings of heat in Africa or cold in North America, there is a common suffering of living organisms and common dimensions of human survival. It is not different for an Eskimo’s child, who is shivering from freezing than a Baggara’s child, who is sweating from top to toes from scorching sun heat in Savannah region. Similarly, it is not differing for foxtail grasses in savannah region of African and those in America’s Prairie brazing for a rough weather; and it is not that differ for hibernating frogs in savannah region of Africa during the summer and a hibernating bear in Antarctica during winter. All pushed by weather inclement to the limit of their physiological incapacities. Savannah region of sub-Saharan Africa remains a harsh, rough and unbearable hot in terms of weather conditions. Baggara, however, remarkably endured and prevailed in Africa.

Quote: السرد الموغل في المحلية: ليس باعتباراتها اللغوية الظاهرة (surface morphology, style, etc) مثل العامية أو الفصحى بل تناول السرد لأعراض حياتية تبدو مألوفة محلياً لاعتبارات ربما دينية أو اجتماعية ومحاولة طرحها على المتلقي دون مراعاة اختلاف الخلفية الثقافية في الحالتين، هذه أمثل لها بحالة كتابات العضو بريمة ومحاولاته الجادة لترجمة وقائع إقليمية باللغة الإنجليزية. السرد المكافيء للدلالة: (semantic e-quivalence) هذه عواملها الجغرافية والثقافية أيضاً وغالباً تمر دون أن يلحظها السارد كأن يصف الطقس بأنه (كان الجو جميلاً) بمفهوم المناطق المدارية أو الصحراوية وهذا قطعاً يعني الغيوم وانخفاض درجة الحرارة، بينما ذات الوصف (الجو جميل) له دلالة مغايرة في البلدان الباردة وهي تشير إلى الأيام المشمسة والدفء.