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Section II. MAINTENANCE PLANNING
1-4. Programming and economic considerations
In maintenance planning and execution, full consideration
must be given to future expected use of
each bridge, the life expectancy of the bridge, and
the life-cycle cost of periodic repairs versus replacement
of a bridge or its major components.
The level of maintenance and programming of
major repairs should be planned in consonance
with future requirement for the bridge and/or
planned replacement. The maintenance program
should be designed to include prevention of deterioration
and damage, prompt detection of deficiencies,
and early accomplishment of maintenance
and repairs to prevent interruptions of operations
or limitation/restriction of bridge use.
1-5. Elements of the maintenance program
a. Inspection. Continuous, rigorous inspections
are necessary for an effective maintenance program.
It is recommended that inspections be made
annually of all basic structures and more frequently
for fenders and utilities. Additional inspections
may be necessary under certain circumstances,
such as a tsunami, high tides, earthquakes,
accidents, typhoons, and heavy freezes.
Inspections may be made from the structures, from
a boat or float, or below the waterline by divers.
Underwater television is often employed in visual
inspections. Types of inspections typical to bridges
are:
(1) Operator inspection consists of examination,
lubrication, and minor adjustment performed
by operators on a continuous basis.
(2) Preventative maintenance inspection is the
scheduled examination and minor repair of facilities
and systems that would otherwise not be
subject to inspection. Pier fender systems, fire
protection systems, and under pier utilities are
examples.
(3) Control inspection is the major scheduled
examination of all components and systems on a
periodic basis to determine and document the
condition of the bridge and to generate major work
required.
b. Maintenance. Maintenance is the recurrent
day-to-day, periodic, or scheduled work that is
required to preserve or restore a bridge to such a
condition that it can be effectively utilized for its
designed purpose. It includes work undertaken to
prevent damage to or deterioration of a bridge that
otherwise would be costly to restore. Several levels
of bridge maintenance are practiced, depending on
the complexity and frequency of the tasks involved.
These tasks range from the clearing of
drainpipes to the replacement of bearings. Minor
maintenance consists of cleaning the drainage
system, patch painting, removing debris, tightening
loose bolts, and cleaning the joints.
(1) Routine maintenance includes adjusting
bearings, complete repainting, repairing potholes,
filling cracks, and sealing concrete.
1-1
TM 5-600/AFJPAM 32-l088
(2) Major maintenance approaches rehabilita- replacement of joints; fatigue crack repair; watertion in that it might include the replacement of way adjustment; and other specialized activities bearings; readjustment of forces, such as in cables; not performed very often.