|
|
 Re: نداء عــــاجل ... من أجل اقليم دارفور (Re: elmahasy)
|
noting that all the four ethnic groups mentioned above and which successive Sudanese governments waged wars against share the following:
a. They are all Africans whose mother tongue is not Arabic,
b. They proudly speak their native African languages,
c. And they resisted to be fully assimilated into the Arabist/Islamist ideology.
As the result of successive government policies of forced assimilation, genocide and ethnic cleansing to monopolize power, ideology and resources in order to maintain the status quo more than three millions people died and many more were displaced and disabled.
After independence successive Sudanese governments looked suspiciously to the Darfurians who were fiercely independent and who were forcibly incorporated into the Anglo/Egyptian Sudan and later into the Republic of Sudan. They perceived the Darfurians as a sleeping giant that if developed might wake up one day and disturb the status quo as they did during the Mahadi’s era. For this reason a mutual mistrust developed between the central government and Darfurians and the province was neglected. To break Darfurians unity divide and rule strategies were developed and promoted by successive governments which lead to small scale wars between some tribes however, the Darfurians managed to contain all situations before they developed into major conflicts. As a result of lack of regional development and the control of power by the elites two movements advocating armed rebellion by the Darfurians against the government emerged in the 1960 and the 1970 but were harshly repressed and eliminated.
Darfur and the Umma Party
Darfur has a very long historical association with the Mahadist movement which brought to power a Darfurians by the name of Abdulla Altaaeshi to govern Sudan for 16 years. For this reason Darfur became the political power base for the Umma party which was established by the Mahadist movement. However, despite their loyalty to the Umma party which assumed power most of the time during democracy the lack of regional development led the Darfurians to believe that their loyalty was taken for granted as they have been for decades marginalized and exploited.
To expressed their dissatisfaction with traditional political parties and specifically the Umma a substantial number of Darfurians deserted the Umma and other parties and joined the National Islamic Front. It is worth noting that most Darfurians who deserted traditional parties were from non-arabized African tribes. The desertions angered the elites of the Umma party as it eroded their 100% guaranteed power base which they enjoyed for decades and strategies to compensate their losses were planned.
Manufacturing the Janjaweed
Between 1970 and 1983 due to the Libyan-Chadian war and the severe draught thousands of Arabic speaking nomads from Chad and West Africa crossed the border seeking refuge in Darfur. The new immigrants were known as the “Abala” or camel herders. Another group of Sudanese camel herders due to draught also migrated from Northern Darfur and settled around Marrah Mountain neighboring the Fur and the Zaghawa tribes. However, the new arrivals had no or very little assets as they lost their herds due to sever draught but they came with firearms which they acquired during the Libyan/Chadian war.
Furthermore, due to their nomadic upbringing the Abala and other nomads had no farming or any other skills that they could utilize to earn their living. In addition, the government who encouraged them to immigrate and who promised to resettle them in Darfur deliberately did not provide them with any assistance. Therefore, they resorted to criminal activities stealing and robbing farming communities the majority of whom were members of the Fur, Zaghawa and Massalit tribes. Despite repeated calls for protection and complains by tribal leaders to the government at all levels the government did nothing. As a result farming communities armed themselves for protection. This group of Abala later teamed with other criminals, local nomads and camel herders and became known by the name of Janjaweed which means - a devil with a rifle on a horseback.
In 1989 a military coup brought to power the National Islamic Front which is still in power today. After the quo Darfurians who deserted the Umma party and joined the NIF were reasonably represented within the ranks of the newly created religious fundamentalist elites.
The NIF government and its followers internalize an ideology that is sharply focused on the creation of a purist Islamist/Arabist state in the Sudan and beyond. To that end it aggressively promoted the idea of jihad or holly war to spread the word and the will of god by force. In its opinion it governs by the will of god and anyone who opposes it opposes god and should be eliminated and the prize of jihad is eternal paradise. For this reason it waged aggressive holy wars in the South, the Blue Nile and the Nuba Mountains destroying all the infrastructure and killing and displacing millions of people. Thousands of Islamic fundamentalist volunteers from all over Arabic and Islamic countries came to Sudan to assist the government establish its imaginary purist Muslim state. The foreign volunteers aggressively promoted the idea of Jihad among the Sudanese youth and trained them to become the official paramilitary forces known by the name of People’s Defense Force. The force is also known by the name Bashmurga.
Despite their representation in the NIF government most Darfurians found themselves without real power as they could not achieve any tangible development for their region as promised by the party. In addition the government continued the same old game of divide and rule by setting one Darfurians tribe against another, forced acquisition of tribal land from tribes which resisted its ideology and used it to resettle loyal arabized nomads. It further encouraged the Abala to cross borders promising them land. This policy of favoritism created conflicts and disturbed the harmony that existed between tribes. Furthermore, the government’s objective of inviting the nomads and assisting them resettle on illegally acquired farming land aimed in the long term to gradually displace and dispossess Africans tribes who rejected its ideology and settle loyal Arabized nomads to create for itself a broad power base capable of breaking the Umma’s party monopoly on power in Darfur when democracy returns.
|
|
 
|
|
|
|
|
| العنوان |
الكاتب |
Date |
| نداء عــــاجل ... من أجل اقليم دارفور | elmahasy | 06-20-04, 02:07 PM |
| Re: نداء عــــاجل ... من أجل اقليم دارفور | الجندرية | 06-20-04, 03:03 PM |
| Re: نداء عــــاجل ... من أجل اقليم دارفور | elmahasy | 06-21-04, 12:47 PM |
| Re: نداء عــــاجل ... من أجل اقليم دارفور | elmahasy | 08-29-04, 06:19 AM |
| Re: نداء عــــاجل ... من أجل اقليم دارفور | elmahasy | 08-29-04, 06:20 AM |
| Re: نداء عــــاجل ... من أجل اقليم دارفور | elmahasy | 08-29-04, 06:21 AM |
| Re: نداء عــــاجل ... من أجل اقليم دارفور | elmahasy | 08-29-04, 06:22 AM |
| Re: نداء عــــاجل ... من أجل اقليم دارفور | elmahasy | 08-30-04, 05:53 AM |
| Re: نداء عــــاجل ... من أجل اقليم دارفور | humida | 08-30-04, 05:57 AM |
| Re: نداء عــــاجل ... من أجل اقليم دارفور | خضر عطا المنان | 08-30-04, 06:53 AM |
| Re: نداء عــــاجل ... من أجل اقليم دارفور | elmahasy | 08-31-04, 05:41 AM |
| Re: نداء عــــاجل ... من أجل اقليم دارفور | elmahasy | 09-01-04, 05:50 AM |
|
| |
elmahasy
فيس بوك
تويتر
انستقرام
يوتيوب
بنتيريست