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دعواتكم لزميلنا المفكر د.الباقر العفيف بالشفاء العاجل
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 Re: ألمانيا: حان الوقت andquot;لمشروع مارشالandquot; في (Re: Hassan Farah)
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Germany says time for African 'Marshall Plan
Germany urged other developed countries on Friday to support a plan it is finalising to bolster the economies of Africa, create jobs and slow the flow of migrants from the continent to Europe.
Chancellor Angela Merkel and her officials, anxious to stop growing numbers of migrants risking their lives crossing the Mediterranean Sea, are pushing for increased public and private investment in Africa.
Development Minister Gerd Mueller said Germany would in coming weeks release details of what he called a new "Marshall Plan with Africa" - drawing a direct parallel with the huge U.S. investment programme that kick-started the ravaged German economy after World War Two.
"We have to invest in these countries and give people perspectives for the future," he told a news conference.
"If the youth of Africa can't find work or a future in their own countries, it won't be hundreds of thousands, but millions that make their way to Europe."
The International Organization for Migration last week said nearly 160,000 people had crossed the Mediterranean from Africa to Italy this year, while 4,220 had died trying.
Mueller noted that in addition to the migrants already looking to come to Europe, there were about 20 million displaced people in Africa.
He said these issues needed to be recognised by the international community, and Africa should have representation on the U.N. Security Council.
Mueller said his plan was aimed at developing joint solutions with African countries, with a big focus on programmes for youth, education and training and on strengthening economies and the rule of law.
Merkel raised similar issues during a visit to Africa last month, and during a meeting of the G20 industrialised countries in China.
Mueller said a significant share of his ministry's proposed budget increase of over 1 billion euros for 2017 would be earmarked for projects in Africa.
http://www.reuters.com/article/us-eu...-idUSKBN1361KN
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Re: ألمانيا: حان الوقت andquot;لمشروع مارشالandquot; (Re: Hassan Farah)
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Germany suggests ‘Marshall Plan for Africa’ to solve refugee crisisDeveloped countries should provide a massive economic boost to African nations to create jobs and slow the flow of refugees into Europe, says Germany’s development minister. It comes as the EU-Turkey deal to curb the migrant influx seems on the verge of collapse.Gerd Mueller said on Friday that in coming weeks Berlin would release details of what he called a ‘Marshall Plan with Africa’ – drawing a historical parallel to the US investment into Western Europe in the aftermath of World War Two. The new program would focus on youth, education and training, and strengthening the rule of law, Mueller said.Read moreRefugees wait for the arrival of officals at Nizip refugee camp near Gaziantep © Umit BektasErdogan says Europe not ready to face 3mn refugees as EU-Turkey deal collapse looms"We have to invest in these countries and give people perspectives for the future," he told a news conference. "If the youth of Africa can't find work or a future in their own countries, it won't be hundreds of thousands, but millions that make their way to Europe."The minister added that there are currently an estimated 20 million displaced persons in Africa.Last year Europe faced a flow of asylum seekers from Africa, the Middle East and Asia on a scale unprecedented since World War Two, with over a million people arriving over 12 months. The challenge sparked a rise of nationalism in Europe and strained relations between EU members, some of which reintroduced border control measures and toughened immigration laws.The crisis was eased somewhat by a deal with Turkey, one of the two primary routes for refugees seeking to reach Europe. However, the path through Libya remains unchecked while Brussels’ relations with Turkey have soured since the deal was struck, putting its future into question.The flow of refugees was partially caused by instability in Northern Africa and the Middle East. Libya was reduced to a failed state after NATO’s campaign, led by France and Britain, helped rebels oust the country’s authoritarian leader Muammar Gaddafi in 2011. A similar uprising in Syria, also supported by the West, escalated into a bloody armed conflict that has no end in sight.https://www.rt.com/news/366524-germa...l-plan-africa/
(عدل بواسطة Hassan Farah on 11-12-2016, 06:18 PM)
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Re: ألمانيا: حان الوقت andquot;لمشروع مارشالandquot; (Re: Hassan Farah)
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Sixty years ago on Tuesday, George Marshall, US secretary of state, announced what became known as the Marshall plan for Europe in an address at Harvard University. The Marshall plan has been widely heralded as an example of the triumph of foreign aid on a grand scale. Given the high rate of extreme poverty in sub-Saharan Africa, and that Africa is poorer today than 20 years ago, some leaders have called for a Marshall plan for Africa.
We agree.
But the original Marshall plan was less a grand aid programme than a targeted effort to restore the power of business as a growth engine. A true Marshall plan for Africa could ignite growth and reduce poverty, but only through a different set of institutions than the current aid system.
The plan had four main elements. First, a rich country – the US – made grants to European governments for restoring production through loans to local businesses which repaid them to their own governments. Second, each European government spent the repaid funds on restoring commercial infrastructure to boost production, such as ports and railways. Third, each European government made economic policy reforms to support their domestic private sectors. Fourth, a regional co-ordinating body handled the distribution of funds among countries.
Grand foreign aid plans have little in common with the original Marshall plan. Aid plans foster government-led development with an emphasis on social services. The Marshall plan fostered business-sector development with an emphasis on loans and economic infrastructure. It was something that Africa has never seen on a large scale – a business-sector support project.
A real Marshall plan for Africa would stand apart from the aid system of governments and non-governmental organisations. The original Marshall plan had its own institutions: it created an Economic Co-operation Administration to run the entire programme, with headquarters in Washington and small missions in every European country. Each country had a special ECA account. Receiving countries formed a regional co-ordinating body, the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation, which led to both the OECD and the European Union.
An African Marshall plan would have its own institutions along international, regional and national lines. The #####alent of an ECA would collect and manage donor funds. A country would become eligible through specific policies in place to foster business development. In the original Marshall plan, governments spent the repaid loans on economic infrastructure projects the ECA approved. An African plan could do the same. Given Africa’s size, there might be regional ECAs rather than a single one. The Marshall plan was competitive among countries: if one did not co-operate, another country was happy to take the funds instead. An African Marshall plan would do the same.
This leads to the second key element of a real African Marshall plan: the business sector must lead it. Business leaders staffed the original Marshall plan, including its head, Paul Hoffman of carmaker Studebaker.
An African Marshall plan would do only business development. Africa has tremendous social needs that call for concentrated attention from expert agencies: that is the proper role for governments and NGOs. Yet those same aid agencies contain many small units that have pioneered support for African business. An African Marshall plan would expand the best practice of those agencies from a sideshow to the main event in African aid. For example, there are already programmes to improve African business schools, which can provide the same support for the business sector as in rich countries around the world.
With a business core, it is likely that it would be less popular than grand aid schemes – after all, charity touches the heart and business does not. The original Marshall plan started out with only 14 per cent of the US public in support. The tide for action was turned by an aggressive information campaign by US business leaders, in this case the Committee for Economic Development. By contrast, business leaders have been conspicuously absent from the growing debate on African poverty.
In his speech, Marshall was very clear that the “breakdown of the business structure of Europe during the war” was the problem aid must solve. “Our … purpose should be the revival of a working economy in the world so as to permit the emergence of political and social conditions in which free institutions can exist. Such assistance, I am convinced, must not be on a piecemeal basis as various crises develop.”
Marshall’s logic applies to Africa today: a thriving business sector is the key to improving political and social progress. Aid must help, not hinder, and reform itself. Otherwise, Africa is doomed.
https://www.ft.com/content/aaf5ef7a-...5-000b5df10621https://www.ft.com/content/aaf5ef7a-...5-000b5df10621
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Hassan Farah
Hani Arabi Mohamed
فيس بوك
تويتر
انستقرام
يوتيوب
بنتيريست