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 Viagra Could Damage Fertility
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Men who take Viagra 'put their fertility at risk
Robin McKie, science editor The Observer, Sunday February 24 2008
Using Viagra may be damaging men's fertility, researchers have warned. Experiments suggest that the anti-impotence drug can harm sperm and may prevent some men from fathering families
In particular, young men who use the drug recreationally could impair their ability to have families. And fertility clinics that prescribe Viagra to help men produce sperm for IVF treatments could be preventing some couples from conceiving
'I think it is worrying that some IVF clinics are using Viagra in order to boost fertility results,' said Dr David Glenn, a consultant gynaecologist at Queen's University Belfast. 'Couples that go there for treatment are, by definition, already having problems getting pregnant. Giving male partners something that could make the problem worse is scarcely the right approach.'
Glenn's research, which is to be published in the journal Fertility and Sterility, is based on two sets of experiments. The first involved taking sperm samples from volunteers and then bathing them in weak solutions of Viagra. The aim was to produce a Viagra level equivalent to that found in the blood of a man who had taken a single 100-milligram tablet
The researchers then compared the behaviour of the treated sperm with standard samples and found the drug had two principal effects. It made sperm more active but also it damaged its acrosome, a cap-like structure that contains enzymes that break down the membrane surrounding a woman's egg and allows sperm to fertilise it
'Essentially the acrosome breaks open too early in sperm that has been exposed to Viagra. The sperm cannot get into the egg and so it is not fertilised,' said Glenn
His team carried out similar experiments on animals and found that sperm from mice that had been given Viagra produced 40 per cent fewer embryosthan those on control pills. However, there was no evidence that baby mice produced by male mice on Viagra had been damaged in any way
'There are two main concerns raised by these findings,' Glenn told The Observer. 'First, Viagra has become a widely used recreational drug. It is mixed with cocaine, for example, and is sold in clubs. Our work leaves open the possibility that there could be a cumulative effect from taking Viagra, however, which could pose serious fertility problems in later life.'
Glenn's work also suggests that the use of Viagra by IVF clinics could pose problems for many couples. Last week The Observer contacted a number of British IVF clinics to ask if they administered Viagra to men. Several said they did. Others, such as the clinic at University College Hospital in London, said did not because it had been found that Viagra could damage sperm
'Couples going to clinics already have fertility problems. Viagra may simply be making those worse,' said Glenn
http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2008/feb/24/medicalresearch.health
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Re: Viagra Could Damage Fertility (Re: Mohamed Omer)
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IVF: In vitro fertilisation
In vitro fertilisation(IVF). is a technique in which egg cells are fertilised by sperm outside the woman's womb, in vitro. IVF is a major treatment in infertility when other methods of assisted reproductive technology have failed. The process involves hormonally controlling the ovulatory process, removing ova (eggs) from the woman's ovaries and letting sperm fertilise them in a fluid medium. The fertilised egg (zygote) is then transferred to the patient's uterus with the intent to establish a successful pregnancy
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Re: Viagra Could Damage Fertility (Re: Mohamed Omer)
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it's time to count the cost of the Viagra
Ten years on: it's time to count the cost of the Viagra revolutionThe little blue pill that could cure male impotence was a startling discovery when it was launched in a storm of publicity in 1998. But while it has transformed the relationships of millions over the past decade it has also contributed to the breakdown of many more
Amelia Hill and Robin McKie report
The Observer, Sunday February 24 2008
It was the drug that transformed the sexual landscape. Before Viagra, impotence meant shame and often the collapse of all but the most committed relationships. The discovery of its startling ability to restore men's faded sexual function triggered a social revolution as monumental as that caused by the contraceptive pill
Today Viagra - launched in America 10 years ago this month - is the world's most ubiquitous medical brand name. Type it into Google and a search throws up more than four million references: 10 times more than Prozac and 20 times as many as Botox, its nearest competitors
The drug has also spawned its own catalogue of jokes and become a byword for efficacy and impact. Nicole Kidman's nude scene in the play The Blue Room was famously described as 'pure theatrical Viagra', for example, while in the US the Survivor TV series was labelled 'CBS's Viagra', a magic pill that made the network virile
But just how much of all this publicity is hype? Has the 'wonder pill' really lived up to its promise? Has it been a universal force for good?
From the financial perspective there can be little doubt. To date, nearly 37 million tablets have been prescribed in Britain. In the decade since Viagra first went on sale, more than 30 million men in 120 countries have been prescribed it. In addition, many millions more have bought it illegally on the internet, or taken a few from their mates in bars, for recreational use
Indeed, the take-off of Viagra was one of the fastest that a new drug has ever seen. Almost immediately after its launch in America, it was being prescribed at the rate of at least 10,000 a day. In Atlanta, urologist Dr John Stripling wrote out 300 prescriptions on the day it became available
And there is no doubt much of this proliferation has been to the good of men and women, as Dr Graham Jackson, a consultant cardiologist in London and an expert on sexual problems, explained. 'More than 20 per cent of breakdowns of relationships are caused because a man has erectile problems. It can cause agony for a man when he cannot perform as he feels he should. A lot of partners are kind and supportive. A few are cruel. And when you have huge great men crying like babies in your clinic, you get pretty desperate for something that will put their problems to right as soon as possible. Viagra has done that in a great many cases that have come to my clinic, I am glad to say.'
Certainly, the drug has brought joy to many relationships. However, it has also had - in many cases - a destructive impact. 'Now men have a drug to help them get it up and get going, they have also shown a worrying tendency to get up and leave - for younger women,' as one sex counsellor put it
In the process, Viagra has become the third party in many marriage splits, increasingly cited in celebrity divorce cases including that of the comedian Vic Reeves, the journalist Rod Liddle, veteran DJ Ed 'Stewpot' Stewart and, most recently, Wendy and Johnny Kidd, parents of supermodel Jodie and make-up guru Jemma
'Older men are more able to perform again, so they're going elsewhere - to younger, greener pastures,' said New York divorce lawyer Raoul Felder, who recently acted for the wife of a 70-year-old man who began cheating on her days after taking Viagra. In Florida's retirement communities, rates of sexually transmitted diseases among elderly men - who have started visiting prostitutes after taking Viagra - are soaring, it emerged recently
Nor is this phenomenon restricted to the US. 'I have seen an exponential rise in divorce cases sparked by Viagra-fuelled adultery,' said James Stewart, of the London law firm Manches. So widespread and common is the use of Viagra that male clients now talk to him about taking it as openly and willingly as they would admit to taking Disprin for a headache, he added
'The problem is that Viagra widens the age period in which men can commit adultery and that is the catalyst for most relationship breakdowns. On the other hand, Viagra has saved as many, if not more, marriages than it destroys,' Stewart said
'If a couple's sex life is bad, then that can give rise to all sorts of other problems. By improving a couple's intimate relationship, Viagra strengthens the marital bond.'
This point was backed by David Ralph, a consultant at the Institute of Urology, University College London. 'Viagra has transformed the lives not only of millions of patients with erectile dysfunction but the lives of their partners as well.'
In addition, media coverage means that after generations of taboo, of refusing to talk about sexual failure, erectile dysfunction has become a subject that can be discussed openly, a point stressed by the author Erica Jong. 'Impotence was the great secret. Now suddenly, you can't go to a dinner party without having people talk about erections.'
This disappearance of sexual reticence has been particularly beneficial for the general health of the population, and is one of the major benefits of the Viagra revolution, say doctors. In making men less afraid to talk about their sexual problems, it is becoming easier to make diagnoses of more serious illnesses, as Ralph pointed out. 'The circulation problems that create erectile dysfunction can also be a sign of vascular blockage and diabetes,' he said
This point is supported by Jackson, who told The Observer that erectile problems are often the first symptoms of a general failing of a man's blood circulation and that this could go on to trigger heart attacks or other cardiac problems. 'So if men are more willing to come forward, then we can pick them up more speedily. That is why it is important that men don't just take Viagra - or its partner drugs Levitra or Cialis - when they first experience erectile problems but consult their doctors,' he said
'If they don't tell their GP and just take Viagra to compensate, they will be heading into danger. To be fair to the drug companies involved, however, they have gone to great lengths to make sure these drugs are administered by GPs.'
Nevertheless, the widespread availability of Viagra has posed its own problems, not just for patients suffering circulation problems but for men of all ages who use it as a recreational drug. 'Viagra is spawning a nation of men who are dependent on the drug, particularly young men who develop the expectation that they should be able to just pop a pill and have sex, regardless of how they feel emotionally,' said psychotherapist Paula Hall
Talk show host Jerry Springer was one of the first to go public with a claim of dependency, while over-use of Viagra was blamed for turning the 66-year-old Earl of Shaftesbury from a kindly old man to someone who stalked the Riviera nightclubs for high-class prostitutes, it was claimed during the trial of his murderers two years ago
Last year, the Aids Healthcare Foundation launched a lawsuit accusing Pfizer of reckless advertising of Viagra, turning it into a 'party drug' whose use is fuelling the Aids epidemic. There are also concerns about those taking the drug on a non-prescription basis but there is no documented evidence of any major loss of life involving recreational use
'That is one of the great things about Viagra,' said Jackson. 'It has no really life-threatening side effects.' Professor Roger Kirby, director of the Prostate Centre, London, agreed. 'Nothing much happens if someone without erectile dysfunction takes the drug.'
Indeed, Viagra can even make some illegal drugs safer, he added 'For example, cocaine is a very dangerous drug because it causes coronary arteries to close and can sometimes give you a heart attack,' Kirby explained. 'Viagra has the opposite effect and so can help the cocaine user.'
Such an effect is generally accidental, however. Most clubbers take cocaine-Viagra mixes - known as 'coconut pokes' - to get high while still being able to perform sexually. Protection against heart attacks is not the prime concern here, needless to say
Nor would it be correct to assume that the drug lacks significant side-effects, as consultant gynaecologist David Glenn has warned. His research indicates that the drug is linked to infertility. 'Men who use it recreationally for long periods could be building up trouble for themselves in later years,' he said. 'They could find it difficult to father children
'We need to do a lot more research on the subject to find out. In the meantime, young men need to be careful. Viagra could have a cumulative impact on their fertility and on their chances of fathering children in the future.'
Another key issue concerns the idea that a drug that restores sexual ability to a man is sufficient on its own to put a threatened relationship back on track, as Susanna Abse, director of the Tavistock Centre for Couple Relationships, pointed out. 'I regularly sit opposite couples who tell me that their problem is caused by his inability to get or to maintain an erection and that they think the answer is so simple,' she said. 'It would seem a straightforward course of Viagra is all that they need. But when I suggest it, they either refuse to try it, or they do try it and it still doesn't work
'The problem is that erectile dysfunction can become a defence for a couple against having to share sexual intimacy. It can be very frightening when the curtain is whisked away and you are forced to confront that issue.'
In general, however, Viagra has been a success story both for its manufacturer, Pfizer - which has made more than £1bn from the drug, it is estimated - and for users, many of whom have regained lost sexual prowess and have had their marriages and relationships revitalised
'We've always been waiting for the magic bullet and this is pretty close,' said David Ralph. 'The one, accidental discovery leading to the wonder drug that is Viagra has transformed the lives not only of millions of patients with erectile dysfunction but the lives of their partners and their families too.'
Or as Rafael Wurzel, a US physician, has put it: 'Viagra opened the door to an honest and uninhibited discussion about issues pertaining to sexual dysfunction, for men, for women, and for couples. I think it has been wonderful.'
Others, however, have taken a more jaundiced view of this sexual revolution, of course - as one letter, published by the syndicated Ann Landers problem column in US newspapers, made abundantly and poignantly clear
'I am 62 years old and the mother of six grown children and I was thrilled when my 64-year-old husband began to slow down about two years ago. So now what happens? A pill called Viagra is invented and the old goat is back in the saddle. I do love my husband but I believe I have earned a rest
Besides, these pills cost $10 a piece. Last week he had four
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Re: Viagra Could Damage Fertility (Re: Mohamed Omer)
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Other uses for Viagra
Heart attacks
Researchers at Virginia Commonwealth University in the US found that Viagra administered to patients after a heart attack stopped apoptosis, a condition where heart muscle cells kill themselves in the wake of a heart attack, and helped to restore bloodflow and tissue healing
Pulmonary arterial hypertension
A condition that affects about 4,000 people in the UK, often women in their 30s and 40s, few sufferers survive beyond three to four years. A Viagra-based drug, sildenafil, under the trade name Revatio, extends the lives of some sufferers by boosting bloodflow to the lungs, reducing the workload on the heart
Crohn's disease
Approximately 1 in 1,500 people have Crohn's disease, and the condition affects slightly more women than men. A 2006 study by scientists at UCL found that Crohn's disease may be caused by a failure of the immune response, which suggest that Crohn's sufferers could be helped by Viagra. Tests showed that the drug increased bloodflow around the small intestine
Pre-eclampsia
A condition marked by high blood pressure and headaches, it kills around 10 women and results in the stillbirth of up to 1,000 babies each year in the UK. In 2005, a University of Vermont College of Medicine team found Viagra prevented deaths among foetuses in pregnant rats by relaxing muscles in the artery walls allowing adequate bloodflow
Infertility
Viagra could increase a woman's chances of becoming pregnant, where the cause of infertility is the lining of the uterus being too thin to sustain a pregnancy. Tests show the drug increases bloodflow to the uterus and stimulates the growth of cells
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Mohamed Omer
فيس بوك
تويتر
انستقرام
يوتيوب
بنتيريست