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 Re: صراعات دامية في المعسكرات بين الفور و الزغاوة ..دارفور علي أعتاب حرب أهلية جديدة .. (Re: محمدين محمد اسحق)
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Tribal rivalry breeds fear in Darfur camps
By David Blair in Kalma camp, South Darfur province
(Filed: 26/06/2006)
At first glance, the dusty alleys running between the countless shacks of Darfur's largest refugee camp seem innocent places where ragged children play. Yet these pathways have become impenetrable barriers, dividing tribe from tribe and creating a powder-keg of unrest.
The Minni Minawi faction of the Sudanese Liberation
Army [SLA] has signed a peace agreement
Almost unnoticed, the 90,000 inhabitants of Kalma camp in Sudan's war-torn region of Darfur have split along tribal lines.
Today, refugees from the minority Zaghawa tribe have gathered in two of Kalma's eight sectors. They live separately from the Fur tribe, the largest among Darfur's six million people, which dominates the rest of the camp. Fights break out between their menfolk, often armed with axes, virtually every week.
Aid workers believe that rising tensions inside the camps threaten a new round of bloodshed. Some 1.8 million people inhabit these sprawling cities of shacks, while another 200,000 refugees have fled into neighbouring Chad.
All are black Africans and most have escaped the Arab-dominated regime's notorious Janjaweed militias. Until now, the camps have been relatively safe and the world's biggest relief effort has saved hundreds of thousands of lives.
But if refugee turns on refugee, it is feared the camps will become a new front in a war that has already killed up to 300,000 people through violence, starvation or disease.
"Before, the people identified themselves simply as refugees," said one United Nations official. "Now they are either Fur or Zaghawa. They sometimes object to sharing water points. It becomes a great deal more complex when providing services if they are not willing to share."
Paradoxically, a peace agreement designed to end Darfur's war sparked these tensions. Sudan's government signed the document in Nigeria last month and a faction of the rebel Sudan Liberation Army (SLA) dominated by Zaghawas followed suit. But their Fur rivals inside the SLA refused to sign.
The rebel movement has split between Minni Minawi, the Zaghawa leader who endorsed the peace deal, and his Fur rival from the SLA's rejectionist wing, Abdul Wahid al-Nur.
This bitter struggle between the two men is polarising Darfur's camps, where many of their followers live.
"The Zaghawas create many problems over food, over shelter and water," said Halima Yahya Juma, 30, a Fur refugee who has lived in Kalma for two years.
"They are tough people and they create problems wherever they are. We don't have anything to do with them. We have to live apart. It happens every day, the Zaghawas quarrel with us over everything."
Idriss Abdullah, 43, another Fur refugee, arrived in Kalma in 2004 after the Janjaweed destroyed his village. At that time, relations with the Zaghawas were harmonious.
"We all had the same problems, we were all refugees," he said. "But the peace agreement has created problems between us."
Camp after camp across Darfur is following the pattern of Kalma, with Fur and Zaghawas inhabiting different areas. They are increasingly suspicious of outsiders.
Violent demonstrations at Kalma last month forced Jan Egeland, the UN's under-secretary for humanitarian affairs, to flee the camp. The only outside force in Darfur is deployed by the African Union, an alliance of all 53 countries on the continent. Its 7,000 soldiers and civilian police steer clear of the area around Kalma.
Sudan's own police force does the same and the camp has become a lawless enclave, with illegal weapons and armed criminals.
Three other large camps have been racked by the same tensions. One, Abu Shouk, with 50,000 refugees, once hosted visitors such as Jack Straw, the former foreign secretary, Condoleezza Rice, the American secretary of state, and Kofi Annan, the UN secretary-general.
Today, Abu Shouk is off limits to international visitors and African Union troops alike.
المصدر :
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/20...06/06/26/ixnews.html
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محمدين محمد اسحق
فيس بوك
تويتر
انستقرام
يوتيوب
بنتيريست