صوتوا للتاريخ بأمانة؟؟ بطولات الوهم في تاريخ السودان الحديث : المك والخليفة

الأخوة الأعزاء
قرأة بكل التقدير استجاباتكم للبوست (بطولات الوهم في التاريخ السوداني الحديث – المك نمر – الخليفة عبد الله التعايشي) واعتذر للتأخر في الرد على تساؤلات الابناء والاخوان. وبالرغم من سرورى من الجهد فى اثراء الحوار الا أن ما احزنني أن بعض المتفاعلين فهموا المقصد خطاءا فصاروا منفعلين وكأنني احاكم القبيلة التي ينتمي لها ذاك المك او هذا الخليفة ولو تأنوا وفعلوا عقولهم كما يجب لفهموا بانني احاكم اشخاصا تقدموا الخطا او اختارهم قدرهم السيىء بأن يكونوا مسؤلين عن ارواح بشر تحت امرتهم وتاريخ قبيلة او شعب سيأتى بعدهم وفي هذا السياق فنحن نحاكم الخليفة التعايشي على هرولته من ساحة معركته والتي ما كان لها أن تكون وللمك نمر وهروبه تاركا قبيلة أأتمن عليها فاما أن يأخذهم جميعا معه تقديرا لعدم قدرته وقبيلته على مواجهة جند الباشا أو يتقدم الصفوف ليكون او قتيل في معركة الشرف. من المؤكد تاريخيا والذى لم ينفيه احد من المؤريخين او المتفاعلين الى الآن ان الخليفة والمك هربا من ساحة القتال تاركين انصارهم وأهلهم يذبحون ذبح الدجاج فادرك الخليفة ونال جزاؤه ونفد المك بجلده ولا يعرف حتى الآن اين استقر به المكان وانه بنى مكانا آخر يسمى بالمتمة بالحبشة فهذا غير مثبت فهي موجودة قبل ذلك بكثير والمتمة التي بالسودان ربما هي ايضا حبشية فلا تنسوا اين استقر المقام بعيزانا ملك اكسوم الذي دمر مملكة مروي وبنى مجده وملكه لمئات السنين بالبجراوية . ان ما استفزنا على نبش الماضى المخزى هو اصرار المتجعلنين على جعل هذا الرعديد الخائب بطلا في وطن ملىء بالابطال الحقيقين والمنسيين كسلطان الجنوب ريري الذي ذهب لحتفه رافعا رأسه لا ترتجف له عين بعد ان قتل المأمور الانجليزي دون غدر او خسة. وكنت أأمل من المثقفين منهم ان ينبذوا هذا الرعديد من تاريخهم فهي صفحة غير مشرفة ويجب أن لا تتعلمها الأجيال القادمة فتكون لهم سابقة وقدوة وعلى هذا سوف اسوق عليكم قصة افتراضية آمل من الجميع بمصداقية ودون حماقة الاجابة علي السؤال الافتراضي دون مبررات واستطالة بعد ان يضع نفسه مكان بطل هذه القصة الافتراضية بالخيار الاول أو الثاني:-
نفترض أن الحكومة الأمريكية قد انذرت الحكومة السودانية والتي يقودها الفريق البشير وزمرته بأن يستجيبوا لشروط امريكية مذلة وظالمة لنظامه وشعبه بما لا يختلف عليه اثنان والا واجه مصيرا احلك من أن يوصف ودمارا أسوأ من خراب سوبا. فكان رد فعل البشير بعد أن استشار واستخار بأنه سوف يقاتل حتى آخر رمق في حياته. وحدثت الكارثة وامطر السودان (ولنقل الخرطوم) بحمم ونيران لم يعهدوها من قبل وقلب ليلهم نهار وانهارت الدولة واستسلم النظام بعد ان كشف ان البشير ومخلصيه قد هربوا في ذاك اليوم الظلم بطائرة هيلوكوتر قاصدين الحبشة في اغلب الظن (ما أشبه اليوم بالبارحة !) دون أن يمسهم أذى. أما قائمة الخسائر فتقول أن سبعة آلاف سودانى من رجل وامرأة وطفل قد قتلوا فى الخرطوم فقط وأن أكثر من 80% من البنية التحتية قد دمر (الحمد لله فليس لدينا بنية تحتية تذكر !) وأن ... وأن... كل شىء قد ضاع الا الريس ومخلصيه. ففي هذه الحالة هل ينطبق على وصف الرئيس:
1- شجاع صنديد .. أم
2- جبان رعديد
الرجاء الاختيار فقط دون الاجتهاد في التفسير ومنها سوف نحكم على المك والخليفة.
المجد لكل من يبنى او يزرع فى ارض السودان وقلوب السودانيين حبا وخيرا

جبااااااااااان
رعدييييييييييد





تسلم يا قلق
لا فض فوك


لقد ادمنا
صنع التماثيل
وتبجيلها

انت رايك شنو؟؟؟؟؟؟؟؟

الاخ المحترم قلق
جبان رعديد
وكمان خاين وطول التاريخ كل من يهرب من المعركة جبان
حتى لو هرب من المنازعات التى تحدث فى الحلة
سؤال مشروع
هل نيلسون مانديلا بطل
هل عمر الختار بطل
هل غاندى بطل
هل المك نمربطل
شتان بين بطل وجبان
ولا نامت اعين الجبناء


محظوظة

انت اكبر جبان ورعديد
جاوب

كوفي منك
كوفي تنساني
وتسلاها الليالي


ما عايز ليكم مراقب انتخابات وتصويت يا قلق
عشان ما يحصل تزوير ويطلع ليك الجبان بطل

مش ديمقراطية؟؟؟؟؟؟؟

افوه الخليفة يجرى يا مفترى....

هم استشهدوا اكتر من عشر الاف ما فيهم الجرى ..يجرى قايدم

خليك منطقي... طيب القايد الانجليزى قال مقولته الشهيرة بعد ان حي الخليفة التحية العسكرية وقال ما هزمناهم ولكن قتلناهم... ليه ليــــــــــــــــــه

بلاي احكي ليهم يا

سنتمينتال

يا زول داير الجد و لا الكضب

البشير جبان لو جرى و لا ما جرى

بعدين فى حرب سياسية مافي شهادة و لا شهداء
يعنى البموت بموت فطيس ساكت

Fire & Sword in the Sudan



BATTLES IN RED:








LET IMGES TALK FOR A WHILE...

وزى بدرسوها كمان


فهمت يا طيــــــــــــــــــر

The Mahdist Jihad 1881-1885



State Entry Exit Combat Forces Population Losses
Britain 1881 1899 60000 39000000 10000
Egypt 1881 1899 200000 23000000 4000
Ethiopia 1881 1899 100000 5000000 25000
Mahdi 1881 1899 100000 5000000 500000
Sudan 1881 1899 25000 6000000 7000

Siege of Khartoum, (March 13, 1884-Jan. 26, 1885), the Mahdi's siege of Khartoum, capital of the Sudan, which was defended by an Egyptian garrison under the British general Charles George ("Chinese") Gordon. The Mahdi's capture of the city and the slaughter of its defenders, including Gordon, caused a storm of public protest against the alleged inaction of the British government under Lord Salisbury.

The British government had become the prime European support of the khedive of Egypt but sought to remain aloof from the affairs of the Egyptian-ruled Sudan, especially after the Mahdi's tribesmen rose in revolt beginning in 1881. In early 1884, following a series of Mahdist victories, the British only reluctantly acquiesced in the khedive's selection of Gordon as governor-general of the Sudan. Gordon reached the capital of Khartoum on Feb. 18, 1884, and had succeeded in evacuating 2,000 women, children, and sick and wounded before the Mahdi's forces closed in on the town.

From that time, the British government's refusal of all of Gordon's requests for aid, together with Gordon's own obdurate refusal to retreat or evacuate further, made disaster virtually inevitable. The Siege of Khartoum commenced on March 13, but not until August, under the increasing pressure of British public opinion and Queen Victoria's urgings, did the government at last agree to send a relief force under General Garnet Joseph Wolseley, setting out from Wadi Halfa (October 1884). After learning of two victories won by Wolseley's advancing forces, the Mahdi's troops were on the verge of raising the siege; but the further unaccountable delay of the relief force encouraged them to make a final, successful assault at a gap in the ramparts caused by the falling of the Nile's waters. The city's garrison was butchered, Gordon with it. The forerunners of the relief force, consisting of river gunboats under Lord Charles Beresford, arrived off the city on January 28, two days too late, and, after a brief gun duel with the Mahdist defenders, retreated downriver.

Soon after, the Mahdi abandoned Khartoum and made Omdurman his capital.

*****

Developments in Sudan during this period cannot be understood without reference to the British position in Egypt. In 1869 the Suez Canal opened and quickly became Britain's economic lifeline to India and the Far East. To defend this waterway, Britain sought a greater role in Egyptian affairs. In 1873 the British government therefore supported a program whereby an Anglo-French debt commission assumed responsibility for managing Egypt's fiscal affairs. This commission eventually forced Khedive Ismail to abdicate in favor of his more politically acceptable son, Tawfiq (1877-92).

After the removal, in 1877, of Ismail, who had appointed him to the post, Gordon resigned as governor general of Sudan in 1880. His successors lacked direction from Cairo and feared the political turmoil that had engulfed Egypt. As a result, they failed to continue the policies Gordon had put in place. The illegal slave trade revived, although not enough to satisfy the merchants whom Gordon had put out of business. The Sudanese army suffered from a lack of resources, and unemployed soldiers from disbanded units troubled garrison towns. Tax collectors arbitrarily increased taxation.

In this troubled atmosphere, Muhammad Ahmad ibn as Sayyid Abd Allah, a faqir or holy man who combined personal magnetism with religious zealotry, emerged, determined to expel the Turks and restore Islam to its primitive purity. The son of a Dunqulah boatbuilder, Muhammad Ahmad had become the disciple of Muhammad ash Sharif, the head of the Sammaniyah order. Later, as a shaykh of the order, Muhammad Ahmad spent several years in seclusion and gained a reputation as a mystic and teacher. In 1880 he became a Sammaniyah leader.

Muhammad Ahmad's sermons attracted an increasing number of followers. Among those who joined him was Abdallahi ibn Muhammad, a Baqqara from southern Darfur. His planning capabilities proved invaluable to Muhammad Ahmad, who revealed himself as Al Mahdi al Muntazar ("the awaited guide in the right path," usually seen as the Mahdi), sent from God to redeem the faithful and prepare the way for the second coming of the Prophet Isa (Jesus). The Mahdist movement demanded a return to the simplicity of early Islam, abstention from alcohol and tobacco, and the strict seclusion of women.

Even after the Mahdi proclaimed a jihad, or holy war, against the Turkiyah, Khartoum dismissed him as a religious fanatic. The government paid more attention when his religious zeal turned to denunciation of tax collectors. To avoid arrest, the Mahdi and a party of his followers, the Ansar, made a long march to Kurdufan, where he gained a large number of recruits, especially from the Baqqara. From a refuge in the area, he wrote appeals to the shaykhs of the religious orders and won active support or assurances of neutrality from all except the pro-Egyptian Khatmiyyah. Merchants and Arab tribes that had depended on the slave trade responded as well, along with the Hadendowa Beja, who were rallied to the Mahdi by an Ansar captain, Usman Digna.

Early in 1882, the Ansar, armed with spears and swords, overwhelmed a 7,000-man Egyptian force not far from Al Ubayyid and seized their rifles and ammunition. The Mahdi followed up this victory by laying siege to Al Ubayyid and starving it into submission after four months. The Ansar, 30,000 men strong, then defeated an 8,000-man Egyptian relief force at Sheikan. Next the Mahdi captured Darfur and imprisoned Rudolf Slatin, an Austrian in the khedive's service, who later became the first Egyptianappointed governor of Darfur Province.

The advance of the Ansar and the Beja rising in the east imperiled communications with Egypt and threatened to cut off garrisons at Khartoum, Kassala, Sannar, and Sawakin and in the south. To avoid being drawn into a costly military intervention, the British government ordered an Egyptian withdrawal from Sudan. Gordon, who had received a reappointment as governor general, arranged to supervise the evacuation of Egyptian troops and officials and all foreigners from Sudan.

After reaching Khartoum in February 1884, Gordon realized that he could not extricate the garrisons. As a result, he called for reinforcements from Egypt to relieve Khartoum. Gordon also recommended that Zubayr, an old enemy whom he recognized as an excellent military commander, be named to succeed him to give disaffected Sudanese a leader other than the Mahdi to rally behind. London rejected this plan. As the situation deteriorated, Gordon argued that Sudan was essential to Egypt's security and that to allow the Ansar a victory there would invite the movement to spread elsewhere.

Increasing British popular support for Gordon eventually forced Prime Minister William Gladstone to mobilize a relief force under the command of Lord Garnet Joseph Wolseley. A "flying column" sent overland from Wadi Halfa across the Bayyudah Desert bogged down at Abu Tulayh (commonly called Abu Klea), where the Hadendowa Beja--the so-called Fuzzy Wuzzies--broke the British line. An advance unit that had gone ahead by river when the column reached Al Matammah arrived at Khartoum on January 28, 1885, to find the town had fallen two days earlier. The Ansar had waited for the Nile flood to recede before attacking the poorly defended river approach to Khartoum in boats, slaughtering the garrison, killing Gordon, and delivering his head to the Mahdi's tent. Kassala and Sannar fell soon after, and by the end of 1885 the Ansar had begun to move into the southern region. In all Sudan, only Sawakin, reinforced by Indian army troops, and Wadi Halfa on the northern frontier remained in Anglo-Egyptian hands.

The Mahdiyah (Mahdist regime) imposed traditional Islamic laws. Sudan's new ruler also authorized the burning of lists of pedigrees and books of law and theology because of their association with the old order and because he believed that the former accentuated tribalism at the expense of religious unity.

The Mahdiyah has become known as the first genuine Sudanese nationalist government. The Mahdi maintained that his movement was not a religious order that could be accepted or rejected at will, but that it was a universal regime, which challenged man to join or to be destroyed. The Mahdi modified Islam's five pillars to support the dogma that loyalty to him was essential to true belief. The Mahdi also added the declaration "and Muhammad Ahmad is the Mahdi of God and the representative of His Prophet" to the recitation of the creed, the shahada. Moreover, service in the jihad replaced the hajj, or pilgrimage to Mecca, as a duty incumbent on the faithful. Zakat (almsgiving) became the tax paid to the state. The Mahdi justified these and other innovations and reforms as responses to instructions conveyed to him by God in visions.

Six months after the capture of Khartoum, the Mahdi died of typhus. The task of establishing and maintaining a government fell to his deputies--three caliphs chosen by the Mahdi in emulation of the Prophet Muhammad. Rivalry among the three, each supported by people of his native region, continued until 1891, when Abdallahi ibn Muhammad, with the help primarily of the Baqqara Arabs, overcame the opposition of the others and emerged as unchallenged leader of the Mahdiyah. Abdallahi--called the Khalifa (successor)--purged the Mahdiyah of members of the Mahdi's family and many of his early religious disciples.

Originally the Mahdiyah was a jihad state, run like a military camp. Sharia courts enforced Islamic law and the Mahdi's precepts, which had the force of law. After consolidating his power, the Khalifa instituted an administration and appointed Ansar (who were usually Baqqara) as amirs over each of the several provinces. The Khalifa also ruled over rich Al Jazirah. Although he failed to restore this region's commercial wellbeing , the Khalifa organized workshops to manufacture ammunition and to maintain river steamboats.

Regional relations remained tense throughout much of the Mahdiyah

*****

Muhammad Ahmad (1843?-85), a devout Muslim, withdrew to Aba Island on the White Nile River in Sudan, where his piety attracted many followers, including members of the militant dervish sect. He soon declared himself the Mahdi, "the expected guide," and began a holy war against the Egyptians, who were controlled by the British from Cairo. The government sent soldiers to capture him, but they were attacked by the Mahdi's followers and forced to retreat. On August 12, 1881, the dervishes were again victorious at the Battle of Aba. The Mahdi and his forces moved westward to Qadir Mountain in the Kordofan, Sudan. Twice expeditions were sent against him, and twice they were ambushed and annihilated. Meanwhile, thousands of Muslims flocked to the Mahdi's side, and Egyptian soldiers shied away from fighting fellow Muslims led by a man rumored to have great supernatural powers. In mid-1882, the Mahdi's forces took the offensive against government garrisons thoughout Kordofan. One by one the garrisons fell, but when poorly armed fanatical Mahdists tried to storm the city of El Obeid, they were cut down by overpowering rifle fire. The Mahdists then besieged the city to starve it into submission; they destroyed an expedition coming to its relief; and on January 17, 1883, the city surrendered. A new army under the command of a British officer was organized and dispatched to recapture El Obeid; constantly harassed en route, it was finally routed. The British government advised the Egyptians to abandon the Sudan to the Mahdists and sent General Charles George "Chinese" Gordon (1833-1885) to oversee the evacuation of Khartoum. Gordon decided to defend the city instead. For almost a year, the Mahdi's forces besieged Khartoum defended by Gordon and a small garrison, which awaited the arrival of a relief force. On January 26, 1885, the Mahdists overran the city's fortifications and killed the defenders, including Gordon. Two days later the relief force arrived but was order to withdraw. Though the Mahdi died five months later, his successor, the khalifa ("the adviser") Abdullah (1846?-99), led the dervishes to victory and liberated Sudan from foreign rule

ان اكبر اهانة تقع على الامة هي محاولة تشويه تاريخها والنيل من رموزها"
من اقوال الراحل المقيم الكاتب المصري خالد محمد خالد

عفارم عليك ياSentimental
بعض مثقفو البورد ظنوا ان الثقافة هي " لبس التيشرت)
فهؤلاءT-shirt
لا يقرأون لا في الثقافة و لا في التاريخ الذي هو مادة لتلك الثقافة فهم معزورن

احيلهم الى كتاب تاريخ السودان لكاتب قلم الاستخبارات المصرية- الانجليزية رغم محاولته تشويه صورة المهدية وقادتها في بعض اجزاء كتابه الا انه رسم لوحة حية وعلى لسان السير ونجت باشا وهو يصف موقف استشهاد الخليفة عبدالله وصحبة الميامين حين قال متأسرا لمقتله الا انه مات كما يموت فرسان مالعرب الشجعان وهو جالس على مصلايته وسط جنوده وقادته...هل كانت ام دبيكرات في لاهاي !!! ...لم
ينسحب الخليفة من ام درمان الا بعد ان انجلت معركة كرري واستشهد
اكثر من عشر الف انصاري فيها.
يقول احد البودراب ان تلك معركة لا داعي لها اي معارك المهدية ضد الغزاة الاجانب!! فيا عجبي اي نوع من الوطنيون الجدد هؤلاء ومن اين اتى امثال هؤلاء ، ها هم جنود امريكا وبريطانيا التي تقيمون على اراضيها يغارون على شعوب في عقر دارها بدعوى ان يصنعوا تاريخا لامتهم من خلال تخليص بعض الشعوب من الدكتاتوريات ، اليس من الاعزاز والفخار ان يفاخر ابناء السودان باجيال قاومت استعمارا استيطانيا بل استهشدوا عن بكرة ابيهم ليحولوا بيننا وبين استعمار دام ستون عاما يجثوا على صدور اسلافنا...
يا سنتمنتل الله يعين السودان وتاريخه من جيل يكتب ويتحدث وهو متكأيمضغ اللبان او يلتهم في الهامبورغر...ديل ماكدونالد دى الله يحفظ السودان منه
اقرءوا تاريخكم بعيون وقلوب نظيفة ،، اقرءوا تاريخ الشعوب التي تقيمون انتم الان في اراضيها وقارنوا فلم تجد ابطال حقيقين ترقص المشاعر حين تسمع سيرتهم وتقطر الحدقات دمعا لما صار لهم مثل فرسان السودان في كل العصور بدءا بملوك النوبة بعانخي وترهاقا ء ورا بالمك نمر والخليفة عبدالله وانتهابالامام عبدالرحمن المهدي
اخوكم / ابوساره


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