Between Warsangeli and the Somalis independence and unity by Khalid Hassan Yusuf

04:40 AM April, 02 2020

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The colonists of Somalia, represented by the French, Italians, and English, signed agreements with the taraibs leaders of Somalis, to be ended as reserves and colonies.
At the same time, they imposed on some Somalis occupation by force and oppression.
Whereas, there was one distinct agreement concluded between Warsangeli and the United Kingdom on January 27, 1886.
In which the Kingdom recognized that Warsangeli was an independent and self-standing state, and the agreement included items of joint cooperation between the two countries.

Note that the Somali city of Berbera, which was not officially within the geography of the state of Warsangeli, was witnessing the existence of a joint administration between the Sultanate of Warsangeli and the United Kingdom, although the city was within the scope of the reserves.
This was due to the influence of Sultan Mahamoud Ali Sheray in the city and the fact that it included a large number of citizens of his state who lived there.

And the relationship between the two countries continued to reach until the year 1920 when Britain canceled the agreement and joined the country and Warsangeli to its reserves that were distributed in much of the Somali lands, and thus took Britain from the city of Eirgavo as an administrative center despite his humility, and avoided the incursion into the Sultanate’s lands to independence in the year 1960.

During the period 1886-1960 the two sides went through two very important matters, given their history of conflict and caution, the first issue was Britain's request to Sultan Mahamoud to help her build a college for education in the city of Las Qari, which was the capital of the Sultanate, the response of the chief tribe was refused under the justification that This would lead to a breach of Britain's traditions and would cause harm to religion, knowing that the local monarchy itself was a burden on Islam. The idea was transferred to the Yemeni city of Aden, where the Aden College was established, and the irony is that dozens of Somali citizens received their education in it, and some students were sending From Somalia itself.

However, the pilgrim preferred and a cleric asked the Sultan and some of the tribes elders to put urging his supervision 10 male or female students in the event of refraining from male education, and these students were the vanguard of the Sultanate’s learners and some of them subsequently reached administrative positions in the Somali state, as well as the same There was the experience of the chief tribe of Idagale, Sultan Diriye Guled, rejecting a similar offer to teach hundreds of his tribesmen, out of the same justifications.

The second matter was represented in the request of Sultan Mahamoud Ali Sheray from Britain to build a paved road between the plains and the coastal city of Las Qari, and his way through the Jeel Doora mountain, and in turn the British refrained from building the road after a long period of delay, because the issue meant for them to waive Their power tool is the control of the economy. The road construction would have made their administration center in the city of Berbera weak, and in return that the Sultanate’s center would have prospered economically, and would feed the areas between the cities of Burao in the west and Bosaso in the east, and in practice would have given the Sultanate completely independent of Britain, It has been said that Sultan Mahamoud is during His last meeting with the Head of the destrec of Eirgavo told him that he did not wish to come again to the lands of his Sultanate, against the background of his failure to build the road.

However, that agreement, despite its feasibility, included a clause stipulating that a state of Warsangeli would not enter into agreements with other states, that requirement undoubtedly directly affected the sovereignty of a state and Worsley
This item was stolen by a large force factor that was supposed to enhance its role and existence, and there is no doubt that the subjective and objective conditions that prevailed during the era of Garad Mahamoud Ali Mahamoud imposed that the said item include a joint cooperation agreement between the two parties.

Under other objective circumstances, in the year 1920, Britain canceled this agreement from its side, and that was during the reign of Sultan Mahamoud Ali Sheray, during the period that resulted in the suffering of the state of Warsangeli from the internal wars it fought with its Somali peers.
Thus the agreement that ended in changing a political reality from the concept of a state to a protectorate culminated, and Sultan Mahamoud Ali Sheray rejected that reality and fought for independence, but Britain told him that it was ready to do so.

While inviting the British government to negotiate independence with Sultan Mahamoud directly on the back of one of its ships, she arrested and deported him to the Seychelles island in the Indian Ocean.
What is certain is that this conspiracy against Sultan Mahamoud was not limited to Britain, but rather that it included some of his relatives who were feeling grudge towards him and had a disagreement among them, and that included his attack on locusts, Garad Farah Dhahar and his nurtured and robbed their livestock, which led to a strained relationship between Britain and Italy .
In the end, Sultan Mahamoud absorbed the lessons that he and his grandfather Mahamoud Ali passed through, and he realized that the tribe's capabilities would not create a political balance with a large colonial power.

This prompted him in 1947 to go to the city of Hargeisa, where he fought with the ledars and notables of the Ishaqi tribes, in order to carry out a joint political struggle for the liberation and unification of Somalia.
Then he led the joint delegation of the representatives of the British protectorates in Somalia towards the city of Mogadishu, in order to devote the agreement to liberation, unity and coordination on this with the leaders of the Somali Youth league SYL.

As a result of that historic visit, the university moved to the British protectorates, where Somali youth took their party centers in the cities of Hargeisa, Berbera, Las Anoud, Erigavo, Las Qari, not to mention that the party reached the city of Jijiga in 1947 which Britain subsequently surrendered to Ethiopia.
Thus, the party was able to fight among the Somalis, who are subject to various forms of foreign powers, which rivaled them and their lands.
In the historic visit of Mogadishu in 1947, it was agreed that it is the capital of the desired country, after achieving independence and unity, which happened on July 1, 1960.

Khalid Hassan Yusuf

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