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 واشنطن بوست تحذر من إبادة جديدة في دارفور
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03:40 PM June, 22 2023 سودانيز اون لاين
نعمات عماد-khartoum
مكتبتى
رابط مختصر
Washington Post
http://http://www.washingtonpost.comwww.washingtonpost.com
Opinion | Darfur violence could bring genocide to Sudan. Here's how ...
The fighting in Sudan that erupted in mid-April between warring generals in Khartoum has spilled over into the country’s Darfur region — and threatens to reignite the area’s brutal ethnic cleansing of 20 years ago, which left an estimated 300,000 people dead. The United States, the International Criminal Court and Sudan’s neighbors in Africa and the Middle East need to intervene quickly, and use all their leverage, to prevent this senseless conflict from turning into a new genocide.
Speed is essential, if it’s not already too late. Reports in recent days tell of mass killings, rape, kidnapping and forced displacement of civilians. More than 1,000 civilians in the Darfur region have reportedly been killed, in El-Geneina and other towns and cities.
The most prominent casualty was the governor of West Darfur state, Khamis Abakar, who was abducted and killed hours after he went on a Saudi-owned television channel to decry the violence and blame one of the warring factions, the Rapid Support Forces, for targeting civilians based on their ethnicity. Video circulated reportedly showed men in RSF uniforms detaining the governor before he was killed, but RSF officials denied involvement and said the killers might have been outlaws impersonating their fighters.
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Re: واشنطن بوست تحذر من إبادة جديدة في دارفور (Re: نعمات عماد)
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The Darfur region has become a humanitarian disaster zone, with civilians running out of food and unable to reach hospitals, camps for displaced people burned to the ground, aid warehouses being ransacked and bodies lying uncollected in the streets.
The first Darfur War, which began in 2003, was deemed the first genocide of the 21st century. It began when the Sudanese army dispatched the Arab Janjaweed militia to repress an uprising by the region’s Black African tribes, who said they were rebelling against a de facto apartheid system. The Janjaweed, often on horseback or camelback or riding in open-top Land Cruisers, embarked on a systematic campaign of ethnic cleansing, burning villages, #####ng or destroying food stock, raping women and murdering civilians. The Janjaweed were often assisted by the Sudanese air force, which followed up the ground raids with airstrikes. Then-Secretary of State Colin L. Powell declared it a genocide in 2004.
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Re: واشنطن بوست تحذر من إبادة جديدة في دارفور (Re: نعمات عماد)
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The crisis was the first test of the newly named African Union and its mantra “African solutions to African problems.” By almost any measure, the African Union failed the test as badly as it is failing today. The African Union has an African Standby Force but is often reluctant to become involved in a country’s internal affairs absent a U.N. Security Council mandate.
The International Criminal Court in 2009 indicted Sudan’s then-president, Omar al-Bashir, along with other members of his regime, for crimes against humanity and war crimes, making Mr. Bashir the first sitting head of state indicted for war crimes. But the African Union advised its members to ignore the indictment, with some African leaders claiming the ICC was biased for unfairly targeting Africans first.
That lack of accountability — impunity aided by the African Union’s willful disregard of international law — helped set the stage for the atrocities being carried out today in Darfur.
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Re: واشنطن بوست تحذر من إبادة جديدة في دارفور (Re: نعمات عماد)
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In 2013, the Janjaweed were re-formed as the Rapid Support Forces, ostensibly under the Sudanese army. After Mr. Bashir’s ouster and arrest, the RSF leader, Gen. Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, commonly known as Hemedti, entered a power-sharing deal with the Sudanese army commander, Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, currently the de facto head of state. Hemedti was once an active Janjaweed fighter in Darfur. Under the internationally sponsored agreement, Hemedti was supposed to bring his paramilitary forces under army control, but he reneged, and that’s when the fighting erupted in April between him and Gen. Burhan.
The conflict has continued mostly unabated since then, with periodic announcements of cease-fires that have quickly fallen apart. Thousands of people have been killed across the country, and more than 1 million have been displaced, according to the United Nations.
The failure to disband the Janjaweed fighters early on — bringing them into a power-sharing deal instead of disarming them — is what led to the current crisis. But there is plenty of blame to go around, as outside powers have long meddled in Sudan’s affairs. The Russian paramilitary Wagner Group is widely reported to be assisting and supplying the Rapid Support Forces, which reportedly control lucrative gold mines and smuggling, giving them an independent line of financing for the conflict. China, for its part, welcomed then-President Bashir, indicted as a war criminal, to Beijing on two occasions, and President Xi Jinping greeted him as “an old friend.”
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Re: واشنطن بوست تحذر من إبادة جديدة في دارفور (Re: نعمات عماد)
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After repeated episodes of widespread ethnic cleansing — Cambodia, Rwanda, Bosnia, Rakhine state in Myanmar — the world pledges never again, but little action is taken until it is too late. Now we are seeing again the beginnings of what could become a new genocide, and the question is whether there will be any preventive action besides statements of concern and condemnation
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THE POST'S VIEW
Opinion Another genocide is brewing in Darfur. Here are some options to stop it.
By the Editorial Board
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June 21, 2023 at 5:45 p.m. EDT
Sudanese refugees gather as Doctors Without Borders (MSF) teams assist the war wounded from West Darfur, Sudan, in Adre hospital in Chad on Friday. (Mohammad Ghannam/MSF/Handout via Reuters)
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The fighting in Sudan that erupted in mid-April between warring generals in Khartoum has spilled over into the country’s Darfur region — and threatens to reignite the area’s brutal ethnic cleansing of 20 years ago, which left an estimated 300,000 people dead. The United States, the International Criminal Court and Sudan’s neighbors in Africa and the Middle East need to intervene quickly, and use all their leverage, to prevent this senseless conflict from turning into a new genocide.
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Speed is essential, if it’s not already too late. Reports in recent days tell of mass killings, rape, kidnapping and forced displacement of civilians. More than 1,000 civilians in the Darfur region have reportedly been killed, in El-Geneina and other towns and cities.
The most prominent casualty was the governor of West Darfur state, Khamis Abakar, who was abducted and killed hours after he went on a Saudi-owned television channel to decry the violence and blame one of the warring factions, the Rapid Support Forces, for targeting civilians based on their ethnicity. Video circulated reportedly showed men in RSF uniforms detaining the governor before he was killed, but RSF officials denied involvement and said the killers might have been outlaws impersonating their fighters.
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The Darfur region has become a humanitarian disaster zone, with civilians running out of food and unable to reach hospitals, camps for displaced people burned to the ground, aid warehouses being ransacked and bodies lying uncollected in the streets.
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The first Darfur War, which began in 2003, was deemed the first genocide of the 21st century. It began when the Sudanese army dispatched the Arab Janjaweed militia to repress an uprising by the region’s Black African tribes, who said they were rebelling against a de facto apartheid system. The Janjaweed, often on horseback or camelback or riding in open-top Land Cruisers, embarked on a systematic campaign of ethnic cleansing, burning villages, #####ng or destroying food stock, raping women and murdering civilians. The Janjaweed were often assisted by the Sudanese air force, which followed up the ground raids with airstrikes. Then-Secretary of State Colin L. Powell declared it a genocide in 2004.
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The crisis was the first test of the newly named African Union and its mantra “African solutions to African problems.” By almost any measure, the African Union failed the test as badly as it is failing today. The African Union has an African Standby Force but is often reluctant to become involved in a country’s internal affairs absent a U.N. Security Council mandate.
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The International Criminal Court in 2009 indicted Sudan’s then-president, Omar al-Bashir, along with other members of his regime, for crimes against humanity and war crimes, making Mr. Bashir the first sitting head of state indicted for war crimes. But the African Union advised its members to ignore the indictment, with some African leaders claiming the ICC was biased for unfairly targeting Africans first.
That lack of accountability — impunity aided by the African Union’s willful disregard of international law — helped set the stage for the atrocities being carried out today in Darfur.
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In 2013, the Janjaweed were re-formed as the Rapid Support Forces, ostensibly under the Sudanese army. After Mr. Bashir’s ouster and arrest, the RSF leader, Gen. Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, commonly known as Hemedti, entered a power-sharing deal with the Sudanese army commander, Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, currently the de facto head of state. Hemedti was once an active Janjaweed fighter in Darfur. Under the internationally sponsored agreement, Hemedti was supposed to bring his paramilitary forces under army control, but he reneged, and that’s when the fighting erupted in April between him and Gen. Burhan.
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The conflict has continued mostly unabated since then, with periodic announcements of cease-fires that have quickly fallen apart. Thousands of people have been killed across the country, and more than 1 million have been displaced, according to the United Nations.
The failure to disband the Janjaweed fighters early on — bringing them into a power-sharing deal instead of disarming them — is what led to the current crisis. But there is plenty of blame to go around, as outside powers have long meddled in Sudan’s affairs. The Russian paramilitary Wagner Group is widely reported to be assisting and supplying the Rapid Support Forces, which reportedly control lucrative gold mines and smuggling, giving them an independent line of financing for the conflict. China, for its part, welcomed then-President Bashir, indicted as a war criminal, to Beijing on two occasions, and President Xi Jinping greeted him as “an old friend.”
After repeated episodes of widespread ethnic cleansing — Cambodia, Rwanda, Bosnia, Rakhine state in Myanmar — the world pledges never again, but little action is taken until it is too late. Now we are seeing again the beginnings of what could become a new genocide, and the question is whether there will be any preventive action besides statements of concern and condemnation.
Story continues below advertisement
One idea recently floated is for the ICC to immediately open new cases of war crimes for the atrocities unfolding in Darfur. That should be done immediately, as a deterrent to future crimes. The U.N. Security Council should also take more forceful action, starting with declaring an emergency. Humanitarian corridors need to be opened to allow badly needed food and medical supplies to get to trapped civilians. And Sudan’s influential neighbors, specifically Egypt and Saudi Arabia, should exert all their leverage to bring the warring generals to heel. Time is running out, for the people of Sudan and of Darfur.
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Re: واشنطن بوست تحذر من إبادة جديدة في دارفور (Re: نعمات عماد)
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صحيفة القدس العربي نشرت ترجمة لإفتتاحية
الواشنطن بوست تحت عنوان :
واشنطن بوست: عدم حل ونزع سلاح الجنجويد قاد إلى الأزمة الحالية.. ومخاوف من إبادة جديدة في دار فور
منذ 4 ساعات
إبراهيم درويش
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لندن – “القدس العربي”:
حذرت صحيفة “واشنطن بوست” في افتتاحيتها من إبادة جديدة تتخمر في منطقة دار فور بالسودان مقترحة بعض الخيارات لمنع حدوثها.
فالقتال المندلع في السودان منذ منتصف نيسان/ إبريل بين الجنرالين المتحاربين في الخرطوم، امتد إلى إقليم دار فور ويهدد بإعادة إشعال عمليات التطهير العرقي الوحشية التي جرت قبل 20 عاما والتي خلفت ما يقدر من 300 ألف قتيل.
ويجب على الولايات المتحدة ومحكمة الجنايات الدولية وجيران السودان في إفريقيا والشرق الأوسط التدخل سريعا، واستخدام كل ما لديهم من نفوذ لمنع النزاع الذي بلا معنى ومنع تحوله إلى إبادة.
وقالت إن “السرعة، ضرورية، إن لم تكن متأخرة، فالتقارير القادمة في الأيام الماضية تتحدث عن قتل جماعي واغتصاب واختطاف وتهجير قسري للمدنيين. وقتل أكثر من 1000 مدني في الجنينة ومدن وبلدات أخرى في دار فور حسب بعض التقارير”.
إن السرعة ضرورية، فالتقارير القادمة في الأيام الماضية تتحدث عن قتل جماعي واغتصاب واختطاف وتهجير قسري للمدنيين. وقتل أكثر من 1000 مدني في الجنينة ومدن وبلدات أخرى في دار فور.
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Re: واشنطن بوست تحذر من إبادة جديدة في دارفور (Re: نعمات عماد)
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وكانت الضحية الأبرز هو حاكم ولاية غرب دار فور خميس أبكر، الذي اختطف ثم قتل بعدما قدم مقابلة مع قناة تملكها السعودية وشجب وحمّل واحدا من المتقاتلين، قوات الدعم السريع، مسؤولية استهداف المدنيين بناء على هويتهم العرقية. وكشف شريط فيديو عن رجال بزي قوات الدعم السريع وهم يحتجزون الحاكم قبل قتله، لكن المسؤولين في الدعم السريع نفوا أي علاقة وأن القتلة هم خارجون عن القانون ويعتقلون مقاتليهم.
وتعلق الصحيفة أن منطقة دار فور أصبحت محورا لكارثة إنسانية، حيث لم يعد لدى المدنيين ما يكفي من طعام ولا يستطيعون الوصول إلى المستشفيات وحُرقت مخيمات النازحين ونُهبت المخازن وانتشرت الجثث في الشوارع.
وتذكر الصحيفة أن حرب دار فور الأولى في عام 2003 اعتبرت أول إبادة في القرن الواحد والعشرين، وذلك عندما أرسل الجيش السوداني ميليشيات الجنجويد العربية لقمع انتفاضة ضد نظام التمييز. وكان الجنجويد يهاجمون وهم على ظهور الخيول أو الجمال أو في سيارات لاند كروزر وقاموا بحملة تطهير عرقي حرقوا فيها القرى ونهبوا ودمروا المحاصيل واغتصبوا النساء وقتلوا المدنيين. وكان الطيران السوداني يدعم الجنجويد في غالب الأحيان، وتبع هجومهم هجمات برية وغارات جوية، واعتبرها وزير الخارجية الأمريكي كولن باول “إبادة” عام 2004.
إن حرب دار فور الأولى في عام 2003 اعتبرت أول إبادة في القرن الـ21، عندما أرسل الجيش السوداني ميليشيات الجنجويد العربية لقمع انتفاضة ضد نظام التمييز. فكانوا يهاجمون وهم على ظهور الخيول أو الجمال أو في سيارات لاند كروزر وقاموا بحملة تطهير عرقي حرقوا فيها القرى ونهبوا ودمروا المحاصيل واغتصبوا النساء وقتلوا المدنيين.
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Re: واشنطن بوست تحذر من إبادة جديدة في دارفور (Re: نعمات عماد)
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وكانت الأزمة أول امتحان للاتحاد الإفريقي وشعاره “حلول إفريقية للمشاكل الإفريقية”، ولكنه فشل بكل المعايير كما فشل اليوم. ولدى الاتحاد الإفريقي قوة تدخل سريع، لكنه تردد بالتدخل في شؤون البلد بدون قرار من مجلس الأمن. ووجهت محكمة الجنايات الدولية اتهامات إلى الرئيس عمر البشير وعدد من المساعدين له، ما جعله أول رئيس دولة توجه إليه تهم بارتكاب جرائم حرب وجرائم ضد الإنسانية. لكن الاتحاد الإفريقي نصح الدول الأعضاء بتجاهل الاتهام، حيث زعم بعض قادة إفريقيا أن المحكمة متحيزة وتستهدف الأفارقة أولا.
وأدى غياب المحاسبة والملاحقة من العقاب وعدم احترام الاتحاد للقانون الدولي لفتح الباب أمام الجرائم التي ارتكبت في دار فور.
وفي عام 2013 تحولت الجنجويد إلى قوات الدعم السريع تحت الجيش السوداني. وبعد اعتقال البشير، دخل قائد الدعم السريع، محمد حمدان دقلو، حميدتي، في شراكة لتقاسم السلطة مع قائد الجيش عبد الفتاح البرهان، الزعيم الحالي للدولة. وكان حميدتي سابقا، مقاتلا ناشطا في الجنجويد بدار فور. وبناء على الاتفاق الذي رعاه المجتمع الدولي، كان على حميدتي دمج قواته شبه العسكرية في الجيش لكنه لم يلتزم، ومن هنا بدأت المواجهة مع البرهان في نيسان/إبريل.
واستمر القتال بدون توقف، باستثناء اتفاقيات وقف إطلاق للنار متقطعة. وقتل الآلاف من الأشخاص في أنحاء البلاد وشرد أكثر من مليون شخص حسب أرقام الأمم المتحدة. وترى الصحيفة أن الفشل في حل ميليشيات الجنجويد في البداية، ثم جلب أفرادها إلى حكومة تقاسم السلطة بدلا من نزع سلاحهم، هو ما قاد إلى الأزمة الحالية.
إن الفشل في حل ميليشيات الجنجويد في البداية، ثم جلب أفرادها إلى حكومة تقاسم السلطة بدلا من نزع سلاحهم، هو ما قاد إلى الأزمة الحالية.
وهناك الكثير من اللوم الموزع على الجميع والدول الخارجية التي طالما تدخلت في شؤون السودان. فالمجموعة العسكرية الروسية، فاغنر، ذكرت عدة تقارير أنها تقوم بمساعدة قوات الدعم السريع وتسيطر على مناجم الذهب وتهربه، ما يمنح القوات خطا مستقلا لتمويل الحرب.
ومن جانبها رحبت الصين بالرئيس السابق عمر البشر الملاحق من الجنائية الدولية، في بيجين، وصافحه الرئيس شي جينبينغ كـ “صديق قديم”.
وتعلق الصحيفة أن العالم أقسم أنه لن يسمح بإبادة جديدة بعد كمبوديا ورواندا والبوسنة وراكين في ميانمار، لكن التحركات القليلة التي اتخذت كانت متأخرة. واليوم نشاهد حدوث هذا مرة أخرى، وما سيصبح إبادة جديدة، والسؤال عن وجود تحرك وقائي غير التصريحات التي تعبر عن القلق والشجب.
وهناك فكرة تتعرض للنقاش في المحكمة الجنائية الدولية وهي فتح حالات جرائم حرب جديدة للجرائم التي تتكشف في دار فور. وعلى الأمين العام للأمم المتحدة التحرك واتخاذ إجراءات قوية بدءا من الإعلان عن حالة الطوارئ. وهناك حاجة إلى ممر إنساني لكي تمر منه الإمدادات الغذائية والطبية الضرورية إلى المدنيين العالقين وسط القتال. وعلى دول السودان المؤثرة وبخاصة السعودية ومصر ممارسة ضغط واستخدام النفوذ لإخضاع الجنرالين المتحاربين. والوقت يمر سريعا للشعب السوداني ولدار فور.
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Re: واشنطن بوست تحذر من إبادة جديدة في دارفور (Re: نعمات عماد)
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سلام دكتورة نعمات وشكرا ليك
Quote: The United States, the International Criminal Court and Sudan’s neighbors in Africa and the Middle East need to intervene quickly, and use all their leverage, to prevent this senseless conflict from turning into a new genocide.
Speed is essential, if it’s not already too late. Reports in recent days tell of mass killings, rape, kidnapping and forced displacement of civilians. More than 1,000 civilians in the Darfur region have reportedly been killed, in El-Geneina and other towns and cities.
The most prominent casualty was the governor of West Darfur state, Khamis Abakar, who was abducted and killed hours after he went on a Saudi-owned television channel to decry the violence and blame one of the warring factions, the Rapid Support Forces, for targeting civilians based on their ethnicity. Video circulated reportedly showed men in RSF uniforms detaining the governor before he was killed, but RSF officials denied involvement and said the killers might have been outlaws impersonating their fighters. |
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Re: واشنطن بوست تحذر من إبادة جديدة في دارفور (Re: Yasir Elsharif)
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سلام أخ د.ياسر
عامل السرعة مهم جداً كما تفضل كاتب المقال.
و قال بأن المسؤولية تقع على عاتق أمريكا و
محمكة الجنايات و الجيران الأفارقة و العرب.
لكن للأسف امريكا قامت بتعليق المفاوضات
ربما لعدم إلتزام الطرفين و في هذا خذلان
للضحايا و تشجيع للجنجويد على إرتكاب
المزيد من المجازر و إبادة ما تبقى من سكان
الجنينة و المدن و القرى الأخرى.
الكاتب أيضاً ذكر بأن الإتحاد الأفريقي أمر
الدول الأفريقية بتجاهل قرار محكمة الجنايات
عندما كان البشير مطلوباً لدى المحكمة و كان
يتم استقباله بواسطة الرؤساء الأفارقة.
فلو تعاون الإتحاد الأفريقي في إلقاء القبض على
البشير ،لما أصبح حميدتي و البرهان و اللجنة الأمنية
اعضاء في مجلس السيادة و لكان تفكيك المليشيا
قد تم بعد القاء القبض على البشير.
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اعتذر عن اللخبطة في الجزء الأخير من المقال باللغة
الإنجليزية.
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نعمات عماد
Yasir Elsharif
فيس بوك
تويتر
انستقرام
يوتيوب
بنتيريست