مبروك : وفقا لمجلة أمريكية السودان ينال المرتبة الاولي في قائمة الدول الفاشلة

Quote: The scores in the index are based on data from more than 11,000 publicly available sources collected from July to December 2005. The period used for data gathering means that some events, including Iraq’s tip toward sectarian strife in February, are not included. Other events, including the massive October earthquake in Pakistan, occurred in the middle of the analysis window and had a significant impact on the results. Inevitably, the index is an extended snapshot rather than a continuing analysis. For that reason, comparisons with last year’s results have been made whenever possible; future results will yield more long-term trends as the index tracks these countries year after year. The category of “failed states” has become part of the strategic vernacular, and it has many definitions. For the purposes of this index, a failing state is one in which the government does not have effective control of its territory, is not perceived as legitimate by a significant portion of its population, does not provide domestic security or basic public services to its citizens, and lacks a monopoly on the use of force. A failing state may experience active violence or simply be vulnerable to violence. The great majority of the states listed in the index are not presently failed states. The index measures vulnerability to violent internal conflict. It is an index of country risk, not of countries that have already failed. Last year offered several good illustrations of what might be termed “pockets of failure” within otherwise strong and stable states. In the United States, Hurricane Katrina exposed gaping holes in the country’s disaster preparedness. Viewers around the world watched in astonishment last August and September as the world’s superpower left thousands of its citizens stranded for days. Two months later, violent riots in France paralyzed swaths of the country and exposed deep fissures between Muslim immigrants and the rest of French society. Partially as a result of these events, the United States and France have a worse score than other rich, industrialized countries (Finland, Sweden, and Norway emerged as the most stable). Symptoms of state failure can appear in any country in any region of the world, but there are several neighborhoods with concentrations of weak states. As in last year’s index, Africa produces the largest number of unstable states. This year, Sudan appears as the world’s most vulnerable country because of its poor ratings in the areas of group grievance and human rights. Sudan is followed closely by the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Ivory Coast, whose governments still do not control huge portions of their territory. Six of the 10 most vulnerable states and 11 of the top 20 are in Africa. Yet the rankings also demonstrate the inadequacy of regional generalizations, even for countries in close proximity to each other. Zimbabwe, struggling under poor governance and endemic corruption, saw its stability ranking fall by 12 percent, whereas neighboring South Africa maintained its strong showing. Nigeria, despite its wealth in resources, continued to unravel even as nearby Ghana remained one of the most promising states in all of West Africa. Kenya managed to improve despite corruption scandals and a porous border with Somalia. In Southeast Asia, Burma tumbled, while neighboring Thailand, even with unrest in its own southern provinces, remained one of the most stable states in the region. Ultimately, it is clear that leadership, not location, matters most.

Quote: Last year offered several good illustrations of what might be termed “pockets of failure” within otherwise strong and stable states. In the United States, Hurricane Katrina exposed gaping holes in the country’s disaster preparedness. Viewers around the world watched in astonishment last August and September as the world’s superpower left thousands of its citizens stranded for days. Two months later, violent riots in France paralyzed swaths of the country and exposed deep fissures between Muslim immigrants and the rest of French society. Partially as a result of these events, the United States and France have a worse score than other rich, industrialized countries (Finland, Sweden, and Norway emerged as the most stable). Symptoms of state failure can appear in any country in any region of the world, but there are several neighborhoods with concentrations of weak states. As in last year’s index, Africa produces the largest number of unstable states. This year, Sudan appears as the world’s most vulnerable country because of its poor ratings in the areas of group grievance and human rights. Sudan is followed closely by the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Ivory Coast, whose governments still do not control huge portions of their territory. Six of the 10 most vulnerable states and 11 of the top 20 are in Africa.

(عدل بواسطة banadieha on 05-03-2006, 05:07 AM)