|
|
 Re: مانديلا اضاء قارة افريقيا والعالم (مركز الديمقراطية والسلام) (Re: Sabri Elshareef)
|
Page semi-protected
This is a good article. Click here for more information.
His Excellency
Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela
OM AC CC OJ GCStJ QC GCH BR RSO NPk
Nelson Mandela on the eve of his 90th birthday in Johannesburg in May 2008
Mandela in Johannesburg, on 13 May 2008
President of South Africa
In office
10 May 1994 – 14 June 1999
Deputy
Thabo Mbeki
F. W. de Klerk
Preceded by
F. W. de Klerk
Succeeded by
Thabo Mbeki
Personal details
Born
Rolihlahla Mandela
18 July 1918
Mvezo, Cape Province
Union of South Africa
Died
5 December 2013 (aged 95)
Johannesburg, Gauteng
South Africa
Nationality
South African
Political party
African National Congress South African Communist Party
Spouse(s)
Evelyn Ntoko Mase
(m. 1944–1957; divorced)
Winnie Madikizela
(m. 1958–1996; divorced)
Graça Machel
(m. 1998–2013; his death)
Children
Madiba Thembekile Mandela
Makaziwe Mandela
Makgatho Lewanika Mandela
Makaziwe Mandela
Zenani Mandela
Zindziswa Mandela
step children
Josina Z. Machel
Samora M. Machel Jnr.
Alma mater
University of Fort Hare
University of London External System
University of South Africa
University of the Witwatersrand
Profession
Lawyer
Social Activist
Politician
Philanthropist
Signature
Signature of Nelson Mandela
Website
www.nelsonmandela.org
Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (Xhosa pronunciation: [xoand#712;liand#720;and#620;aand#620;a manand#712;deand#720;la]) (18 July 1918 – 5 December 2013) was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, politician, and philanthropist who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the first black South African to hold the office, and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election. His government focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid through tackling institutionalised racism, poverty and inequality, and fostering racial reconciliation. Politically an African nationalist and democratic socialist, he served as President of the African National Congress (ANC) from 1991 to 1997. Internationally, Mandela was Secretary General of the Non-Aligned Movement from 1998 to 1999.
A Xhosa born to the Thembu royal family, Mandela attended the Fort Hare University and the University of Witwatersrand, where he studied law. Living in Johannesburg, he became involved in anti-colonial politics, joining the ANC and becoming a founding member of its Youth League. After the South African National Party came to power in 1948, he rose to prominence in the ANC's 1952 Defiance Campaign, was appointed superintendent of the organisation's Transvaal chapter and presided over the 1955 Congress of the People. Working as a lawyer, he was repeatedly arrested for seditious activities and, with the ANC leadership, was unsuccessfully prosecuted in the Treason Trial from 1956 to 1961. Although initially committed to non-violent protest, he co-founded the militant Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) in 1961 in association with the South African Communist Party, leading a sabotage campaign against the apartheid government. In 1962 he was arrested, convicted of conspiracy to overthrow the state, and sentenced to life imprisonment in the Rivonia Trial.
Mandela served over 27 years in prison, initially on Robben Island, and later in Pollsmoor Prison and Victor Verster Prison. An international campaign lobbied for his release. He was released in 1990, during a time of escalating civil strife. Mandela joined negotiations with President F. W. de Klerk to abolish apartheid and establish multiracial elections in 1994, in which he led the ANC to victory and became South Africa's first black president. He published his autobiography in 1995. During his tenure in the Government of National Unity he invited several other political parties to join the cabinet. As agreed to during the negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa, he promulgated a new constitution. He also created the Truth and Reconciliation Commission to investigate past human rights abuses. While continuing the former government's liberal economic policy, his administration also introduced measures to encourage land reform, combat poverty, and expand healthcare services. Internationally, he acted as mediator between Libya and the United Kingdom in the Pan Am Flight 103 bombing trial, and oversaw military intervention in Lesotho. He declined to run for a second term, and was succeeded by his deputy, Thabo Mbeki. Mandela became an elder statesman, focusing on charitable work in combating poverty and HIV/AIDS through the Nelson Mandela Foundation.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Mandela
| |
 
|
|
|
|
فيس بوك
تويتر
انستقرام
يوتيوب
بنتيريست