ETM for Sudanese in Sanaa By Sayed Baau

09:56 PM May, 14 2025

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The ETM is an important mechanism to provide legal remedies for refugees and asylum-seekers in the absence of an asylum framework and lawful refugee status. While in the ETM centre, the asylum-seekers go through refugee case processing undertaken by UNHCR





Articles 12 - 30 of the Refugee Convention set out the rights which individuals are entitled to once they have been recognised as Convention refugees:
· All refugees must be granted identity papers and travel documents that allow them to travel outside the country
· Refugees must receive the same treatment as nationals of the receiving country with regard to the following rights:
o Free exercise of religion and religious education
o Free access to the courts, including legal assistance
o Access to elementary education
o Access to public relief and assistance
o Protection provided by social security
o Protection of intellectual property, such as inventions and trade names
o Protection of literary, artistic and scientific work
o Equal treatment by taxing authorities
· Refugees must receive the most favourable treatment provided to nationals of a foreign country with regard to the following rights:
o The right to belong to trade unions
o The right to belong to other non-political nonprofit organizations
o The right to engage in wage-earning employment
· Refugees must receive the most favourable treatment possible, which must be at least as favourable to that accorded aliens generally in the same circumstances, with regard to the following rights:
o The right to own property
o The right to practice a profession
o The right to self-employment
o Access to housing
o Access to higher education
· Refugees must receive the same treatment as that accorded to aliens generally with regard to the following rights:
o The right to choose their place of residence
o The right to move freely within the country
o �Free exercise of religion and religious education
o Free access to the courts, including legal assistance
o Access to elementary education
o Access to public relief and assistance
o Protection provided by social security
o Protection of intellectual property,
such as inventions and trade names
o Protection of literary, artistic and scientific work
o Equal treatment by taxing authorities
Refugee protection and assistance organizations generally promote three "durable solutions" to the fate of refugees:

Voluntary repatriation : refugees are able to return to their home country because their
lives and liberty are no longer threatened;
Local integration: host governments allow refugees to integrate into the country of first
asylum; and
Resettlement in a third country : repatriation is unsafe and the first-asylum country refuses local integration.
Sudanese refugees and asylum seekers who are urban refugees living in Sanaa –Yemen do not enjoy these rights. more over Sudanese have right to seek asylum unless they have resident permit. Those who have asylum seeker certificate before the coming of Houthi government ,have no right to renew their asylum certificate before they obtain resident permit or Writing a pledge.
Sudanese refugees seeking asylum, are elderly and with chronic diseases. They are in need for medical care and legal protection.
As voluntary return is unsafe and the government of the first country of asylum refuses local integration, we Urban Sudanese refugees who are stranded in Sanaa-Yemen claim for emergency transit mechanism..

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