تصعيد حملة عاجلة محلية وعالمية لمكافحة الخفاض الفرعوني

Quote: FGM, domestic violence, slavery, and a whole range of other practices, represent equally grave attacks on the rights AI seeks actively to protect (such as the right to physical integrity and to non-discrimination). However, they have only been addressed in AI’s campaigning where committed by agents of the state or with their direct complicity. More recently, AI has explored possibilities for addressing governments’ failure to prevent or punish abuses by private individuals as a breach of their international legal obligations. This reflects a significant evolution in the conceptualization of human rights within the international human rights movement in recent decades. Numerous critiques have sought to demonstrate that traditional interpretations of international standards have created an artificial, hierarchical distinction between violations by state forces in the realm of public political activity and similar abuses in the "private" sphere. One of the results has been that the international legal regime has offered scant protection to women from systematic, grave and gender-based abuses inflicted on them by non-state actors. The public/private distinction overlooks the fact that systematic abuse in the "private" sphere has a public dimension, in so far as it arises from more or less officially sanctioned prejudices, discrimination or intolerance. It precludes these abuses from being considered as a human rights issue.