نظام الأسد , هل سيجد نفسه وحيداً ؟

Quote: By Anthony Faiola and Loveday Morris, LONDON — British forces are drawing up contingency plans for a “proportionate” response to an alleged chemical weapons attack in Syria, the prime minister’s office said Tuesday, raising the possibility that Britain could join a possible U.S.-led military strike. Prime Minister David Cameron cut short a vacation to return to London and announced that he would recall Parliament to the capital on Thursday to discuss a possible military response. U.S. Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel told the BBC that U.S. forces are “ready to go,” but he reiterated that the United States wants to work “in concert” with the international community. “We have moved assets in place to be able to fulfill and comply with whatever option the president wishes to take,” Hagel said. In Syria, meanwhile, Foreign Minister Walid al-Moualem said Syria’s military would defend the country against any foreign intervention. Syria vehemently denies responsibility for the attack, which left more than 300 people dead and many wounded. “We all hear the drums of war around us,” Moualem said. “If they want to attack Syria, I think that using the lie of chemical weapons is fake and not accurate, and I challenge them to show evidence.” U.N. inspectors gained access Monday to one of the sites of last week’s alleged chemical attack and spent three hours interviewing witnesses and gathering evidence, despite its convoy briefly coming under sniper fire earlier in the day. On Tuesday, Moualem said, the team had to postpone plans to return to the affected town of Moadamiya, because rebel groups could not guarantee security. The United Nations declined to comment on why the team was delayed, saying that casting blame could jeopardize negotiations over safely reaching the areas struck by the attack. “I’m not going to point fingers,” said U.N. spokesman Farhan Haq. “There is a complex situation on the ground, and we are trying our best to secure access.” He said he expected progress in the “next few hours”. Moualem said the government of President Bashar al-Assad was cooperating fully with the probe and that the United Nations had requested access to the sites in question only on Saturday. He said the idea of a Western military strike to change the balance of power in Syria, which has been embroiled in a vicious civil conflict for more than two years, is “delusional and not at all possible.” The British, along with the French, have led the calls in Europe to boost efforts to aid the Syrian opposition in its fight against Assad. Cameron, however, is facing mounting pressure — including from within his own Conservative Party — to win support in Parliament before taking any action. Cameron has the authority to launch strikes with or without the backing of Parliament. But any attempt to intervene in Syria over the objections of lawmakers would be politically risky. Thus, he is likely at least to make a vigorous attempt to win over lawmakers before opting to have Britain join any military operation. Some lawmakers remain skeptical about whether further involvement in Syria’s civil war suits British national interests, especially without a U.N. mandate.

Quote: By MARIA ABI-HABIB And SAM DAGHER DAMASCUS—The Arab League said Tuesday that Damascus had used chemical weapons against its population, and Western governments discussed military responses to the attacks, as Syria's foreign minister vowed that his country would defend itself against any foreign attack. French and U.K. military officials held talks with their American counterparts about coordinating their response to alleged chemical attacks last week near Damascus that activists and rebels said left more than 1,000 Syrians dead. The U.S. Defense Department, meanwhile, has presented military options to President Barack Obama, Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel said, without outlining them. Defense officials have said the U.S. is considering cruise-missile strikes from navy ships in the Mediterranean. "We are ready to go," he said. During his Tuesday briefing, White House Press Secretary Jay Carney reiterated the President's confidence that the Syrian government used chemical weapons on August 21. He also said that options for a response do not include regime change. The U.S. is examining ways to attack Syria without the approval of the United Nations, where Russia would likely veto any military action, U.S. and European officials have said. The Obama administration has recently stepped up contacts with North Atlantic Treaty Organization and Arab League allies about supporting a military operation against Damascus. While the Arab League's accusation on Tuesday bolstered the U.S. case for military strikes, the group stressed that the perpetrators should be brought to justice in an international forum. The league "demands that all those involved in this heinous crime be presented for international trials," according to the statement. The league urged its member states and the international community to issue the necessary "resolutions against the perpetrators of this crime, for which the Syrian regime bears responsibility, and to put an end to the violations and crimes of genocide that the Syrian regime has carried out for over two years." The statement came a day after U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry said there was undeniable evidence that chemical weapons had been used in an attack he characterized as a "moral obscenity." On Tuesday, Vice President Joe Biden said there was "no doubt" that the Assad regime was behind the attack. "There is no doubt that an essential international norm has been violated," Mr. Biden said at the American Legion's annual convention in Houston. "No one doubts that innocent men, women and children have been the victims of chemical weapons attacks in Syria. And there is no doubt who is responsible for this heinous use of chemical weapons in Syria: the Syrian regime." U.S. officials have said they expect to release evidence in coming days that Syria's regime was behind the attacks. France's President François Hollande vowed Tuesday to "punish" the regime of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad for what he said was its likely use of chemical weapons in recent attacks near Damascus. Mr. Hollande, addressing ambassadors at the and#201;lysée Palace, pressed his case for the West to respond to the attack with "necessary force" targeting the Assad regime. "This mass chemical massacre cannot go unanswered," he said. "France is ready to punish those who made the horrible decision to gas innocents." Syria "utterly and completely" rejects the allegations that it used chemical weapons, Syrian Foreign Minister Walid al-Moallem said Tuesday. He added that Syria would defend itself by means available. "We will surprise others" planning to attack Damascus, he said. "We are hearing the drums of war," Mr. Moallem added. "They want to attack Syria. I believe to use chemical weapons as a pretext is trite and inaccurate." Syria's foreign minister condemned the U.S. for flouting international law and ignoring a continuing U.N. investigation into the incident, which has yet to determine whether chemical weapons were used. A U.N. team is currently in Damascus investigating the suspected chemical-weapons attacks that hit several towns on the capital's outskirts last week, whose victims included children and women, according to witnesses. On Monday, the U.N. was granted access to one of those sites, Mouadhamiya, to conduct interviews with survivors and take soil samples, although their convoy was fired on by unknown snipers earlier that day. A second trip planned by the U.N. team was canceled Tuesday after a disagreement by rebels over how to provide security to the international inspectors, the foreign minister said. The U.N. said that its team decided to postpone its visit by one day "in order to improve preparedness and safety for the team," but didn't speak to Mr. Moallem's claims. On Tuesday, Mr. Hagel said the U.S. and its key allies have concluded that Syria used chemical weapons last week against its own people. "I think most of our allies, most of our partners…have little doubt that the most base, human, international humanitarian standard was violated," Mr. Hagel told the British Broadcasting Corp. in an interview. In calls Tuesday to U.K. Secretary of State for Defense Phillip Hammond and French Minister of Defense Jean-Yves Le Drian, Mr. Hagel pledged to continue to coordinate the response to the attacks, defense officials said. The U.S. Navy's Sixth Fleet has four warships in the eastern Mediterranean equipped with Tomahawk missiles and other weapons systems that can strike Syria, Navy officials have said. The warships are being kept a "healthy distance from the coast" as a precaution against Syria's advanced Russian-made coastal defenses, a senior defense official said. Separately, U.K. Prime Minister David Cameron said any British action in Syria would have to be legal, proportionate and specifically about deterring the future use of chemical weapons in the world. "This is not about getting involved in a Middle Eastern war or changing our stance in Syria or going further into that conflict," he said in a recorded interview broadcast by BBC television. "It is about chemical weapons, their use is wrong and the world shouldn't stand idly by." The U.K. military is drawing up plans for a possible response to last week's suspected chemical-weapons attack by the Assad regime and the U.K.'s Parliament is due return to a few days early from its summer break to vote Thursday on what action to take, the government said Tuesday. "No decision has yet been taken, but let's be clear what is at stake here. Almost 100 years ago the whole world came together and said that the use of chemical weapons was morally indefensible and completely wrong and what we have seen in Syria are appalling scenes of death and suffering because of the use of chemical weapons by the Assad regime," Mr. Cameron said. "And I don't believe we can let that stand." Mr. Hollande, in his Tuesday speech, hinted that France was open to supporting a military strike against the regime without a U.N. Security Council resolution—a step that French officials had previously stated was essential before taking action. "International law must evolve with its times. It can't be a pretext for allowing massacres to be perpetrated," Mr. Hollande said. Russia, which holds veto power on the security council, backs the Assad regime, placing a possible U.N. resolution out of reach. Access to the areas near Damascus affected by the presumed chemical weapons attack last Wednesday has been complicated by a Syria military operation—code-named Operation City Shield—that kicked off just hours after the first reports that toxic gas was killing residents. For months, Syrian forces have successfully fought to regain control over the suburban regions surrounding the capital Damascus. The Eastern Ghouta region where the suspected chemical attack occurred is the last remaining area not under partial or total regime control. Mr. Moallem, the foreign minister, said that the government launched a "pre-emptive strike" before rebels made claims about chemical weapons use last week. He said that the government had intelligence showing that rebel fighters trained outside Syria were amassing in that district "to raid Damascus." The military's assault was before Aug. 21, when the chemical attacks were alleged to have occured, but he declined to specify when. Security officials previously said the strike was in the first hours of Aug. 21 and that rebels had been planning a massive attack on Damascus from four different fronts. Mr. Moallem said the current government operation in Damascus would continue and would not be affected by plans by the U.S. and its allies to attack the regime. "The military effort won't stop, they are dreaming if they want to limit the victories of the armed forces," said Mr. Moallem. —Stacy Meichtry, Julian E. Barnes, Jared A. Favole and Nicholas Winning contributed to this article.

Quote: The Arab League said Tuesday that Damascus had used chemical weapons against its population,