Sudan’s Split With Iran Boosts Saudi Camp
03:49 PM Aug, 13 2015 Sudanese Online wall street online journal -My Library at SudaneseOnline
Changing alliances are sign of deepening sectarian strife in region and Tehran’s isolation
http://www.wsj.com/articles/sudans-split-with-iran-boosts-saudi-camp-1439460573
By andnbsp;
Aug. 13, 2015 6:09 a.m. ET For more than two decades, Sudan was the Iranian regime’s best friend in the Sunni Arab world, an alliance based on mutual support for political Islam—and shared hostility to the U.S. Now, that friendship between two rogue states has unraveled, another casualty of the sectarian strife that is ripping through the Middle East and a sign of Iran’s regional isolation.
Late last year, President andnbsp; Omar al-Bashir andnbsp; ordered the network of Iran’s cultural centers in his country shut down, ostensibly on the grounds that they were propagating Shiite Islam in a country that has virtually no Shiites.
Then, in April, he unexpectedly joined Saudi Arabia and its fellow Gulf Cooperation Council monarchies in andnbsp; http://www.wsj.com/articles/saudi-strikes-kill-dozens-in-yemen-1433687317 the war in Yemen , sending Sudanese warplanes to bomb pro-Iranian Houthi forces. He also sought to nurture close ties with Egypt’s new ruler, President andnbsp; Abdel Fattah Al Sisi. andnbsp; In a Middle East divided along sectarian lines, impoverished Sudan—the Arab world’s third-largest nation by population and size—for now has firmly placed itself in the Saudi-led Sunni camp.
“This regime cannot really survive without the support of the rich Arab countries. The Iranians, while they can help by giving arms, are not in a position to provide financial support,” explained andnbsp; Abdel Ghaffar Ahmed, andnbsp; a professor at the University of Khartoum.
For Iran, this breakup with Sudan was a surprising—and bitter—diplomatic blow, sparking vitriolic comments in the conservative Iranian media.
“The tilt by Sudan toward Saudi Arabia is perhaps the most important victory for Saudi Arabia and the GCC in its strategic competition with Iran in the past decade,” saidMohsen Milani, andnbsp; an Iran expert and executive director of the Center for Strategic and Diplomatic Studies at the University of South Florida.
Sudan’s cooperation with Iran dates back to 1989, when Islamist politician andnbsp; Hassan al-Turabi andnbsp; became the country’s de facto leader following a coup organized by Mr. Bashir. Sectarian tensions in the region were dormant at the time, and Mr. Turabi and his Islamist followers saw the Islamic Republic as a model to emulate, launching a brutal Islamization drive of their own.
“The relationship was very special at a certain point in time, when here the religious overtones of government were also very visible. It was a throwback to the times of camaraderie of revolutionary countries,” said Saeed el-Khatib, director of the Center for Strategic Studies, the Sudanese government’s think tank in Khartoum.
With Sudan subjected to U.S. sanctions since 1997, in part because Mr. Turabi sheltered Osama bin Laden and supported militant groups across the region, Iran became a valuable source of military aid. Iranian advisers helped Sudan build its own weapons industry, now Africa’s third largest after South Africa’s and Egypt’s, and trained Sudanese intelligence cadres.
The alliance continued even after Mr. Bashir took full power and jailed Mr. Turabi, then speaker of parliament, in 1999, toning down the regime’s Islamist zeal. Iran, in particular, used Sudan as a conduit to ship weapons to the Hamas militants in Gaza. According to the Khartoum government, Israeli jets struck Sudanese military targets on several occasions in response in 2009 and 2012, attacks that haven't been officially confirmed by the Israeli government.
Saudi Arabia, which sits just across the Red Sea from Sudan, didn’t appreciate this friendship and, in 2013, even barred Mr. Bashir from overflying its territory on his way to Tehran. By then, Sudan was increasingly broke—having lost three-quarters of its oil income after the 2011 secession of South Sudan. It was reliant on billions of dollars in remittances by Sudanese workers in Saudi Arabia and other GCC monarchies.
“We benefited very little from Iran. It was just weapons—but weapons for what?” saidKhidir Ahmed, andnbsp; who served as Sudan’s envoy to the U.S. in 2001-2006 and now teaches at the International University of Africa in Khartoum. “On the other hand, this alliance added to the isolation of Sudan. We had to do something for the survival of the country, for the survival of the regime itself.”
In late 2014, Sudan stunned the Iranians by demanding the immediate closure of their cultural centers in Khartoum and provincial capitals. In an interview with the Saudi-owned Asharq Al-Awsat newspaper at the time, Mr. Bashir said Khartoum “is working toward strengthening the Sunni community” and “cannot have strategic ties with Iran at this time [ of] escalating tensions between Sunnis and Shiites.”
Even Mr. Turabi, who now runs an opposition party, welcomed the switch, albeit for pragmatic rather than sectarian considerations.
“Iran is a faraway country,” he said in an interview. “And there are thousands and thousands of Sudanese living in Saudi Arabia.”
So far, however, the Gulf countries have shown only limited appreciation for Sudan’s moves, wary of trusting Mr. Bashir—and conscious of the fact that the Sudanese regime remains under international sanctions for its war crimes in Darfur and other areas. Mr. Bashir himself is sought by the International Criminal Court.
Saudi officials “don’t trust him much but will give him the benefit of the doubt and will give him conditional support for as long as he stays on team,” said andnbsp; Prince Faisal bin Farhan, andnbsp; a Saudi analyst and entrepreneur involved in the defense sector. “I think they see the Sudan move as a tactical victory for now—not yet a strategic one with long-term permanence.”
Given the depth and breadth of security links between Sudan and Iran, many Western diplomats and Sudanese politicians also suspect that the breakup isn’t as complete as Mr. Bashir has made it out to be.
In the Yemen war, “Sudan saw an opportunity and jumped on the bandwagon,” said andnbsp; Ghazi Salah-al-Din andnbsp; Atabani, a former presidential adviser and cabinet minister who broke with the regime to establish his own party in 2013. “I see it as a casual marriage of convenience. I don’t think it’s on principle.”
Write to andnbsp; Yaroslav Trofimov at andnbsp; mailto:[email protected] mailto:[email protected] @wsj.com
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SudaneseOnline News The country is able to resolve the international problems: Sudan’s Foreign Minister 03-02-15, 10:34 PM, SudaneseOnline News We will achieve peace this year by negotiation or war: Sudan’s president 03-02-15, 10:30 PM, SudaneseOnline News UNAMID announces that it will cut 770 civilian jobs 03-02-15, 08:36 PM, SudaneseOnline News The International community agrees that Sudan is an oasis of peace in the region: presidential assi 03-02-15, 08:21 PM, SudaneseOnline News Displaced leaders asked to vote for Sudan's ruling party 02-28-15, 04:59 PM, Radio Dabanga Khartoum and Addis Ababa agree to start public transport service 02-28-15, 04:57 PM, SudaneseOnline News Civil society to Germany: Sudan continues atrocities 02-28-15, 04:56 PM, Radio Dabanga China sees no "logic" behind US-drafted resolution on South Sudan 02-28-15, 04:19 PM, SudaneseOnline News Sudanese tribesmen request reconciliation mechanism 02-28-15, 04:18 PM, Radio Dabanga Sudan’s president stresses the opposition’s inability to block the elections 02-28-15, 04:17 PM, SudaneseOnline News Sudan admits children lack iodine 02-27-15, 03:40 PM, Radio Dabanga U.N extends peacekeeping force in disputed area of Abyei 02-27-15, 03:39 PM, SudaneseOnline News Airlines threaten to suspend Khartoum, Port Sudan flights 02-27-15, 03:38 PM, Radio Dabanga 16,000 Ugandan deploy on the Sudan-South Sudan borders 02-27-15, 03:36 PM, SudaneseOnline News Tortured Hausa prisoners released in eastern Sudan 02-27-15, 03:35 PM, Radio Dabanga Freedoms severely curtailed in Sudan in 2014: Amnesty 02-27-15, 02:19 PM, Radio Dabanga I’m ready to “leave” if the people decided that through elections: Sudan’s president 02-27-15, 02:16 PM, SudaneseOnline News Liberation of Kuhliyat garrison 5 km west Kadugli city 02-25-15, 09:33 PM, الحركه الشعبيه لتحرير السودان شمال Bashir: Iranian centers closed to protect Sudan 02-25-15, 09:32 PM, Al Arabiya News Statement of the ICC Prosecutor at a press conference in the Central African Republic 02-25-15, 09:29 PM, ICC Public Affairs Unit Security detains anti-dam activist in northern Sudan 02-25-15, 06:41 PM, Radio Dabanga Sudan's Interior Minister meets with the Speaker of Ethiopian Parliament 02-25-15, 05:58 PM, SudaneseOnline News National Congress Party official killed in eastern Sudan 02-25-15, 05:57 PM, Radio Dabanga Sudan’s opposition ######### to Berlin to discuss the country’s crises 02-25-15, 05:54 PM, SudaneseOnline News China announces that it will continue to support South Sudan peace process 02-24-15, 05:04 PM, SudaneseOnline News Three die in militia attacks in South and North Darfur 02-24-15, 05:03 PM, Radio Dabanga Sudan and Kuwait negotiate help Zain repatriate $280 million worth of Sudanese pounds 02-24-15, 05:02 PM, SudaneseOnline News Darfur displaced invite US Deputy Secretary of State to visit their camps 02-24-15, 05:00 PM, Radio Dabanga Sudan suggests many investment projects for UAE businessmen 02-24-15, 04:28 PM, SudaneseOnline News National Liberation and Justice Party launched in Sudan’s capital 02-24-15, 04:26 PM, Radio Dabanga Sudan’s court refuses to release opposition leaders on a regular bail 02-24-15, 04:23 PM, SudaneseOnline News Sudan: Court session against Abu Eisa, Madani turns into political rally 02-24-15, 04:22 PM, Radio Dabanga Abu Dhabi Fund grants Sudan $ 90 million loan to complete dams 02-23-15, 05:34 PM, SudaneseOnline News African Commission requested to intervene in Abu Eisa, Madani trial 02-23-15, 05:32 PM, Radio Dabanga Emirati-Sudanese coordination to contain situation in Libya 02-23-15, 05:28 PM, SudaneseOnline News Church fights confiscation, closure in Sudan’s capital 02-23-15, 05:26 PM, Radio Dabanga The fighting in Darfur displaced more than 41,000 since late December: UN 02-20-15, 04:56 PM, SudaneseOnline News Two Russia abducted in Darfur’s Sudan are alive: Moscow 02-20-15, 04:46 PM, SudaneseOnline News Tribal reconciliation talks begin in Sudan 02-20-15, 04:45 PM, Radio Dabanga Sudan’s president calls on Russian and American investors to invest in the country 02-20-15, 04:43 PM, SudaneseOnline News Dozens injured as Sudanese students clash 02-20-15, 04:41 PM, Radio Dabanga Sudan security agents confiscate print runs of 14 newspapers 02-19-15, 00:29 AM, SudaneseOnline Press Release Arab Journalists Union decries Sudanese crackdown on newspapers 02-18-15, 11:05 PM, Khaleej Times Independent Civil Society in Sudan stage a one-day sit in and suspension of work 02-18-15, 03:15 PM, SudaneseOnline Press Release Sudanese press massacred in Khartoum 02-17-15, 04:29 PM, Radio Dabanga Sudan’s journalists protest against confiscation of (14) papers 02-17-15, 04:27 PM, SudaneseOnline News Sudan seizes print runs of 13 newspapers: watchdog 02-16-15, 05:05 PM, AFP Agence France Presse The dialogue conference kicks off this week: Sudan’s Government 02-16-15, 04:01 PM, SudaneseOnline News Northern Sudan farmlands sold to Syrian investor 02-15-15, 05:12 PM, Radio Dabanga Sudanese journalist disappears under mysterious circumstances 02-15-15, 04:57 PM, SudaneseOnline News Karti visit to Washington has nothing to do with Merriam Ibrahim issue: Sudan says 02-07-15, 04:51 PM, SudaneseOnline News Students clash in Omdurman, several seriously wounded 02-07-15, 04:50 PM, Radio Dabanga Sudan: Detained opposition leader hospitalised 02-06-15, 02:42 PM, SudaneseOnline News Thirst in North Darfur’s Shangil Tobaya camps 02-04-15, 05:51 PM, Radio Dabanga Sudanese Journalists Union rejects confiscation of the newspapers 02-04-15, 04:49 PM, SudaneseOnline News Print-run of Akhir Lahza seized in Sudan’s capital 02-03-15, 05:15 PM, Radio Dabanga Red Sea state, eastern Sudan, imposes tourism support fees 02-03-15, 04:13 PM, Radio Dabanga Sudan’s government warns those who seek to disrupt the elections 02-03-15, 04:11 PM, SudaneseOnline News Sudan: Detention of Abu Eisa, Madani extended for two weeks 02-03-15, 04:10 PM, Radio Dabanga AU mediation puts forward a new approach to negotiations in Sudanese conflict 02-03-15, 04:06 PM, SudaneseOnline News Sudanese opposition starts Leave! campaign 02-03-15, 04:01 PM, Radio Dabanga Press Release from Sudanese Writers Union (SWU) 02-02-15, 09:08 PM, SudaneseOnline Press Release Liberation and Justice Movement -LJM apology to people of Darfur 02-02-15, 05:40 PM, Radio Dabanga EU expresses its concern at the difficulties facing Sudan’s national dialogue 02-02-15, 04:44 PM, SudaneseOnline News NCF to launch campaign against Sudan’s April elections 02-01-15, 05:09 PM, Radio Dabanga Zuma finalizes an agreement for co-operation in a number of fields with Sudan 02-01-15, 05:07 PM, SudaneseOnline News 10th anniversary of The Massacre marked in Port Sudan 02-01-15, 05:06 PM, Radio Dabanga 2,293 child abuse cases reported in Sudan’s capital in 2014 01-16-15, 03:47 PM, Radio Dabanga Bahri University raided again in Sudan’s capital 12-26-14, 06:23 PM, Radio Dabanga Popular singers not invited to Darfur music festival 12-23-14, 07:42 PM, Radio Dabanga Security raids NGO in Sudan’s capital, detains journalist 12-22-14, 03:48 PM, Radio Dabanga BNFA community Nuer Executive office Sudan Khartoum Statement 10-19-14, 08:55 PM, SudaneseOnline Press Release Women's initiative condemns 'racist attack' on Darfuri students 10-10-14, 03:46 PM, Radio Dabanga Darfuri students detained in Sudan’s capital 10-08-14, 09:00 PM, Radio Dabanga Sudan militia recruit more than 3,000 minors in South Kordofan 08-27-14, 05:30 PM, Radio Dabanga Protests, Ba’ath Party members arrested, police reinforced in Sudan’s capital 05-06-14, 05:42 PM, Radio Dabanga Bus drivers in Sudan’s capital complain about fees 05-05-14, 08:54 PM, Radio Dabanga Fleeing civil war, South Sudanese say national unity is a distant goal 04-08-14, 07:24 PM, Aljazeera news South Sudan negotiating $500mn IMF loan 09-08-13, 07:18 PM, Bloomberg